Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28098957›Full record

ArticleDepression and anxiety2017

The risk factors for postpartum depression: A population-based study.

Michael E Silverman, Abraham Reichenberg, David A Savitz, Sven Cnattingius, Paul Lichtenstein, Christina M Hultman, Henrik Larsson, Sven Sandin

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Depression and anxiety, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 179 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
179citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
27.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

179 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 412 citations in OpenAlex.

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119 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Michael E SilvermanDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn Medical School at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Abraham ReichenbergDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn Medical School at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
David A SavitzDepartment of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Sven CnattingiusClinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Paul LichtensteinDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Christina M HultmanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Henrik LarssonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sven SandinDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn Medical School at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Karolinska Institutet · SEIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USBrown University · USMount Sinai Medical Center · USÖrebro University · SE

Funding

Science/Technical CoreP2CHD041020 · NICHD · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI ZHENCHAO QIAN · 2016 to 2026
$7.6M
The Epidemiology of Postpartum Depression and Associated Childhood Outcomes.R21HD073010 · NICHD · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI SILVERMAN, MICHAEL EVAN · 2013 to 2014
$436k
NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD041020NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD073010
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) can result in negative personal and child developmental outcomes. Only a few large population-based studies of PPD have used clinical diagnoses of depression and no study has examined how a maternal depression history interacts with known risk factors. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a depression history on PPD and pre- and perinatal risk factors.

methodsA nationwide prospective cohort study of all women with live singleton births in Sweden from 1997 through 2008 was conducted. Relative risk (RR) of clinical depression within the first year postpartum and two-sided 95% confidence intervals were estimated.

resultsThe RR of PPD in women with a history of depression was estimated at 21.03 (confidence interval: 19.72-22.42), compared to those without. Among all women, PPD risk increased with advanced age (1.25 (1.13-1.37)) and gestational diabetes (1.70 (1.36-2.13)). Among women with a history of depression, pregestational diabetes (1.49 (1.01-2.21)) and mild preterm delivery also increased risk (1.20 (1.06-1.36)). Among women with no depression history, young age (2.14 (1.79-2.57)), undergoing instrument-assisted (1.23 (1.09-1.38)) or cesarean (1.64(1.07-2.50)) delivery, and moderate preterm delivery increased risk (1.36 (1.05-1.75)). Rates of PPD decreased considerably after the first postpartum month (RR = 0.27).

conclusionIn the largest population-based study to date, the risk of PPD was more than 20 times higher for women with a depression history, compared to women without. Gestational diabetes was independently associated with a modestly increased PPD risk. Maternal depression history also had a modifying effect on pre- and perinatal PPD risk factors.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAge FactorsCohort StudiesDepression, PostpartumDepressive DisorderDiabetes, GestationalFemaleHumansPregnancyProspective StudiesRegistriesRisk FactorsSwedenYoung Adultassessment/diagnosisdepressionepidemiologymaternal-childpregnancy and postpartum

Identifiers

PMID28098957
PMCPMC5462547
OpenAlexW2579565083

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.