Trial reportInvestigative and clinical urology2017
The effect of office based flexible and rigid cystoscopy on pain experience in female patients.
Trial report in Investigative and clinical urology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Assessment of Pain Outcomes During Rigid Cystoscopy in Females With and Without the Use of the Rigid Cystoscope Obturator: A Randomized Control Trial
Effect of Heat Aplication to Patients During Cystoscopy Procedure on Pain, Anxiety and Comfort Level A: Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does Listening to Music Improve Pain Perception and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Cystoscopy: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in surgery · 2021Pooled it
- Patient-Reported Pain and Satisfaction During Flexible Cystoscopy in Supine Versus Lithotomy Positions in Adult Men: A Retrospective Observational Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Contemporary Role for Blue Light Cystoscopy Across the Bladder Cancer Disease Spectrum.Current urology reports · 2026Review
- Effectiveness of virtual reality to manage pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cystoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Asian journal of urology · 2025Review
- Article
- Is Cystoscopic Intravesical Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA Acceptable in an Outpatient Clinic?International neurourology journal · 2025Article
- Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI): closing the gap between image analysis and navigation in complex invasive diagnostic procedures.World journal of urology · 2022Review
- Soft Urinary Bladder Phantom for Endoscopic Training.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2021Article
- Canadian Urological Association guideline on the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer - Full-text.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2021Article
- Does cystoscopy method affect the investigation of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis?International urogynecology journal · 2021Article
- Comparison of a magnetic retrieval device vs. flexible cystoscopy for removal of ureteral stents in renal transplant patients: A randomized controlled trial.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2021Article
- Pain reduction methods during transurethral cystoscopy.Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland) · 2021Review
- Overactive bladder symptoms in patients undergoing rigid and flexible cystoscopy.World journal of urology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeRigid and flexible cystoscopies are both routinely used in female patients. Literature is conflicting whether flexible cystoscopy is less painful compared to rigid cystoscopy. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate whether using flexible cystoscopy leads to less discomfort and pain compared to rigid cystoscopy in female patients who underwent first time cystoscopy. MATERIALS AND
methodsOne hundred eighty-nine female patients, who never had undergone cystoscopy, were randomized into 2 groups: 92 patients underwent rigid cystoscopy and 97 patients flexible cystoscopy. Directly after the cystoscopy procedure all patients were asked to fill out their pain experience on a 100-mm visual analogue pain scale (VAS).
resultsMedian VAS score was significantly lower for women undergoing flexible cystoscopy (0 [0-20]) compared to rigid cystoscopy (15 [0-38], p<0.001). In addition, age was inversely associated with VAS score, indicating that younger females experienced more pain (R=-0.30, p=0.001). The use of flexible cystoscopy was associated with a decrease in VAS score and remained significant after adjustment for age, sex of urologist, performing urologist and indication (standardized β=-0.17, p=0.048).
conclusionsThe use of flexible cystoscopy resulted in a significantly lower pain experience compared to rigid cystoscopy. Based on patient's pain experience during cystoscopy, this study implicates to use flexible cystoscopy in female patients who undergo first time cystoscopy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.