ReviewVeterinary world2016
Epidural analgesia in cattle, buffalo, and camels.
Review in Veterinary world, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changing the route of GnRH administration according to the initial cyclic phase of the Ovsynch protocol may optimize reproductive outcomes in dairy cows.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Evaluation of drug distribution, sensory and motor blockade regions in canine coccygeal epidural anesthesia.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Lumbosacral epidural administration of 4% articaine with epinephrine in dromedary camels (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Acute toxicity of local anesthetics used for humans and other animals in the larvae of marine crustacean, red-clawed crab Chiromantes haematocheir.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- Comparative antinociceptive and sedative effects of epidural romifidine and xylazine in dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius).BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Short-Term Outcomes of Abdominal Surgeries Performed with Epidural Anaesthesia in Italian Calves.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Real-time and video-recorded pain assessment in beef cattle: clinical application and reliability in young, adult bulls undergoing surgical castration.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Reliability and Validity of UNESP-Botucatu Cattle Pain Scale and Cow Pain Scale inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Antinociceptive effect of lidocaine, tramadol, and their combination for lumbosacral epidural analgesia in rabbits undergoing experimental knee surgery.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- Xylazine Regulates the Release of Glycine and Aspartic Acid in Rat Brain.Journal of veterinary research · 2018Article
- An Update on Drugs Used for Lumbosacral Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia in Dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epidural analgesia is commonly used in large animals. It is an easy, cheap, and effective technique used to prevent or control pain during surgeries involving the tail, anus, vulva, perineum, caudal udder, scrotum, and upper hind limbs. The objectives of this article were to comprehensively review and summarize all scientific data available in the literature on new techniques and drugs or drug combinations used for epidural anesthesia in cattle, camel, and buffalo. Only articles published between 2006 and 2016 were included in the review. The most common sites for epidural administration in cattle, camels, and buffalos were the sacrococcygeal intervertebral space (S5-Co1) and first intercoccygeal intervertebral space (Co1-Co2). The most frequently used drugs and dosages were lidocaine (0.22-0.5 mg/kg), bupivacaine (0.125 mg/kg), ropivacaine (0.11 mg/kg), xylazine (0.05 mg/kg), medetomidine (15 µg/kg), romifidine (30-50 µg/kg), ketamine (0.3-2.5 mg/kg), tramadol (1 mg/kg), and neostigmine (10 µg/kg), and the clinical applications, clinical effects, recommendations, and side effects were discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.