Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28096410›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2017

Selection against variants in the genome associated with educational attainment.

Augustine Kong, Michael L Frigge, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Hreinn Stefansson, Alexander I Young, Florian Zink, Gudrun A Jonsdottir, Aysu Okbay, Patrick Sulem, Gisli Masson and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Article
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  11. Family-GWAS reveals effects of environment and mating on genetic associations.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
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  14. Review
  15. Genes, culture, and scientific racism.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Augustine KongdeCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland; kong@decode.is kari.stefansson@decode.is.
Michael L FriggedeCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Gudmar ThorleifssondeCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Hreinn StefanssondeCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Alexander I YoungWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.
Florian ZinkdeCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Gudrun A JonsdottirdeCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Aysu OkbayDepartment of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Applied Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5170-7781
Patrick SulemdeCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Gisli MassondeCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Daniel F GudbjartssondeCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Agnar HelgasondeCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Gyda BjornsdottirdeCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Unnur ThorsteinsdottirdeCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
Kari StefanssondeCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland; kong@decode.is kari.stefansson@decode.is.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epidemiological and genetic association studies show that genetics play an important role in the attainment of education. Here, we investigate the effect of this genetic component on the reproductive history of 109,120 Icelanders and the consequent impact on the gene pool over time. We show that an educational attainment polygenic score, POLY

Indexed as

Educational StatusGenetic VariationAdolescentAdultFemaleFertilityGenome, HumanGenotypeHumansIcelandIntelligenceMaleYoung Adulteducational attainmentfertilitygenesselectionsequence variants

Identifiers

PMID28096410
PMCPMC5293043

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.