ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2017
Pathogen-mediated manipulation of arthropod microbiota to promote infection.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 163 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
163 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 325 citations in OpenAlex.
- Geographical epidemiology of Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus microplus in Pakistan: A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Pathogenicity and virulence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: From enzootic maintenance to severe human disease.Virulence · 2026Review
- Immuno-Informatics Design of Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate AgainstHealth science reports · 2026Article
- mSphere of Influence: How a gut microbiota study reshaped my thinking on tick-borne pathogens.mSphere · 2026Article
- Tick Microbiome and Its Role in Emerging Zoonotic Diseases and Transmissibility.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Article
- Immune-mediated microbial interference governsiScience · 2026Article
- Ecological Frameworks of Pathogen-Pathogen and Pathogen-Microbiome Interactions Within the Tick Holobiont.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Interaction between tick and host microbiotas: a four-step waltz.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) harbor non-divergent bacterial microbiomes in Arizona.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- Tryptophan catabolism reprograms immunity to prevent hemolymph bacterial dysbiosis and support molting in Spätzle-deficient Helicoverpa armigera larvae.BMC biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Seasonal variation in the bacterial microbiome of questing nymphal ticks in Missouri, United States.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- A snapshot of the microbiome of blood and ticks of captive cheetahs (Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Mitogenomics of the tropical bont tick Amblyomma variegatum reveals vertical and horizontal transmission of Rickettsia africae.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Invasive Spiders and Their Microbiomes: Patterns of Microbial Variation in Native and Invasive Species in Hawai'i.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- Diversity of the Ixodes ricinus Microbiome Across Belgian Ecoregions and Its Association with Pathogen and Symbiont Presence.Microbial ecology · 2025Article
- Host-Specificity and Network Structure of Tick Microbiota in Co-Distributed Species From the Iberian Peninsula.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- The bacterial diversity and potential pathogenic risks of giant panda-infesting ticks.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
103 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Arthropods transmit diverse infectious agents; however, the ways microbes influence their vector to enhance colonization are poorly understood. Ixodes scapularis ticks harbor numerous human pathogens, including Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. We now demonstrate that A. phagocytophilum modifies the I. scapularis microbiota to more efficiently infect the tick. A. phagocytophilum induces ticks to express Ixodes scapularis antifreeze glycoprotein (iafgp), which encodes a protein with several properties, including the ability to alter bacterial biofilm formation. IAFGP thereby perturbs the tick gut microbiota, which influences the integrity of the peritrophic matrix and gut barrier-critical obstacles for Anaplasma colonization. Mechanistically, IAFGP binds the terminal d-alanine residue of the pentapeptide chain of bacterial peptidoglycan, resulting in altered permeability and the capacity of bacteria to form biofilms. These data elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which a human pathogen appropriates an arthropod antibacterial protein to alter the gut microbiota and more effectively colonize the vector.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.