ArticleDiabetes care2017
First Infant Formula Type and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study.
Article in Diabetes care, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Diet, gut microbiome, and type 1 diabetes: from risk to translational opportunity.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Looking back at the TEDDY study: lessons and future directions.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Increased levels of anti-BSA antibodies in children with Down syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Impact of Extensively Hydrolyzed Infant Formula on Circulating Lipids During Early Life.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Dietary compliance in a randomized double-blind infant feeding trial during infancy aiming at prevention of type 1 diabetes.Food science & nutrition · 2021Article
- Maternal food consumption during late pregnancy and offspring risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2021Observational
- Article
- Environmental Determinants of Type 1 Diabetes: From Association to Proving Causality.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Distinct Growth Phases in Early Life Associated With the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: The TEDDY Study.Diabetes care · 2020Article
- Early Nutrition and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: The Role of Gut Microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
- Predicting Islet Cell Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes: An 8-Year TEDDY Study Progress Report.Diabetes care · 2019Article
- A perspective on partially hydrolyzed protein infant formula in nonexclusively breastfed infants.Korean journal of pediatrics · 2019Review
- Intestinal Microbiota in Early Life and Its Implications on Childhood Health.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2019Review
- Maternal dietary supplement use and development of islet autoimmunity in the offspring: TEDDY study.Pediatric diabetes · 2019Article
- Time-Resolved Autoantibody Profiling Facilitates Stratification of Preclinical Type 1 Diabetes in Children.Diabetes · 2019Article
- The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study: 2018 Update.Current diabetes reports · 2018Review
- Early Infant Diet and Islet Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study.Diabetes care · 2018Article
- Combination Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes.Current diabetes reports · 2017Review
- Isogenic Cellular Systems Model the Impact of Genetic Risk Variants in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 12 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveStudies on the introduction of infant formulas and its effect on the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D) have yielded inconsistent results. We investigated whether the introduction of formula based on hydrolyzed cow's milk as the first formula is associated with reduced islet autoimmunity risk in a large prospective cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study prospectively monitors 8,676 children at increased genetic risk for T1D. Autoantibodies to insulin, GAD65, and IA2 were measured regularly to define islet autoimmunity. Information on formula feeding was collected by questionnaires at 3 months of age.
resultsIn survival analyses, after adjustment for family history with T1D, HLA genotype, sex, country, delivery mode, breast-feeding ≥3 months, and seasonality of birth, we observed no significant association with islet autoimmunity in infants who received extensively hydrolyzed compared with nonhydrolyzed cow's milk-based formula as the first formula during the first 3 months (adjusted hazard ratio 1.38 [95% CI 0.95; 2.01]), and a significantly increased risk for extensively hydrolyzed formula introduced during the first 7 days (adjusted hazard ratio 1.57 [1.04; 2.38]). Using a partially hydrolyzed or other formula as the first formula, or no formula, was not associated with islet autoimmunity risk.
conclusionsThese results add to the existing evidence that islet autoimmunity risk is not reduced, and may be increased, by using hydrolyzed compared with nonhydrolyzed cow's milk-based infant formula as the first formula in infants at increased genetic risk for T1D.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.