ArticleEpidemiology and infection2017
Epidemiology of parainfluenza infection in England and Wales, 1998-2013: any evidence of change?
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Epidemiological and molecular characteristics of human parainfluenza virus in southern China during 2016-2020.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Trends in human parainfluenza virus in Scotland before and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, January 2017 to October 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and genetic characterization of human parainfluenza virus-1 infection in pediatric patients from Hangzhou China, 2021-2022.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Epidemiology and clinical severity of the serotypes of human parainfluenza virus in children with acute respiratory infection.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Human parainfluenza 2 & 4: Clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013-2017, reveals distinct disease features and co-circulating genomic subtypes.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
- Seasonal epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with human parainfluenza virus infection by serotype: a retrospective study.Virology journal · 2022Article
- Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human Parainfluenza Virus, and Human Adenoviruses Cases in Kenya 2007-2013.The East African health research journal · 2022Article
- Dynamics of nosocomial parainfluenza virus type 3 and influenza virus infections at a large German University Hospital between 2012 and 2019.Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2021Observational
- Incidence estimation from sentinel surveillance data; a simulation study and application to data from the Belgian laboratory sentinel surveillance.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Viral respiratory infections diagnosed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in pediatric patients.Journal of medical virology · 2019Article
- Seasonality and clinical impact of human parainfluenza viruses.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2018Article
- Article
- Laboratory-Confirmed Respiratory Infections as Predictors of Hospital Admission for Myocardial Infarction and Stroke: Time-Series Analysis of English Data for 2004-2015.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Observational
- UK circulating strains of human parainfluenza 3: an amplicon based next generation sequencing method and phylogenetic analysis.Wellcome open research · 2018Article
- Unrecognised Outbreak: Human parainfluenza virus infections in a pediatric oncology unit. A new diagnostic PCR and virus monitoring system may allow early detection of future outbreaks.Wellcome open research · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) infections are one of the commonest causes of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. In order to determine if there have been any recent changes in HPIV epidemiology in England and Wales, laboratory surveillance data between 1998 and 2013 were analysed. The UK national laboratory surveillance database, LabBase, and the newly established laboratory-based virological surveillance system, the Respiratory DataMart System (RDMS), were used. Descriptive analysis was performed to examine the distribution of cases by year, age, sex and serotype, and to examine the overall temporal trend using the χ 2 test. A random-effects model was also employed to model the number of cases. Sixty-eight per cent of all HPIV detections were due to HPIV type 3 (HPIV-3). HPIV-3 infections were detected all year round but peaked annually between March and June. HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 circulated at lower levels accounting for 20% and 8%, respectively, peaking during the last quarter of the year with a biennial cycle. HPIV-4 was detected in smaller numbers, accounting for only 4% and also mainly observed in the last quarter of the year. However, in recent years, HPIV-4 detection has been reported much more commonly with an increase from 0% in 1998 to 3·7% in 2013. Although an overall higher proportion of HPIV infection was reported in infants (43·0%), a long-term decreasing trend in proportion in infants was observed. An increase was also observed in older age groups. Continuous surveillance will be important in tracking any future changes.
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