ArticleChemical research in toxicology2017
Nicotine Metabolism and Smoking: Ethnic Differences in the Role of P450 2A6.
Article in Chemical research in toxicology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial disparities in intensity of smoke exposure and nicotine intake among low-dependence smokers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Lung Cancer in Patients of African Descent: A Transcontinental Review of Epidemiology, Disparities, Outcomes, and Opportunities for Equity in Africa, North America, South America, and the Caribbean.JTO clinical and research reports · 2025Review
- Assessment, detection, and validation of clinical associations of thirdhand smoke exposure (ADVOCATE) study protocol.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Effect of very low nicotine content cigarettes on smoking behavior in Chinese smokers with genotype-stratified nicotine metabolism rates.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Excess pancreatic cancer risk due to smoking and modifying effect of quitting smoking: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Smoking, ethnicity and bladder cancer - implications for public health and clinical practice.Nature reviews. Urology · 2023Article
- Impact of Genetic Variants in the Nicotine Metabolism Pathway on Nicotine Metabolite Levels in Smokers.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Contribution of Genetic Polymorphisms in Human Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- CYP2C19 Plays a Major Role in the HepaticDrug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2023Article
- Predicting nicotine metabolism across ancestries using genotypes.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Urinary Nicotine Metabolites and Self-Reported Tobacco Use Among Adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2014.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Serum Concentrations of Cotinine and Trans-3'-Hydroxycotinine in US Adults: Results From Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Effects of Genetic Variants in the Nicotine Metabolism Pathway on Smoking Cessation.Genetics research · 2022Article
- Associations between Biomarkers of Exposure and Lung Cancer Risk among Exclusive Cigarette Smokers in the Golestan Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Pharmacogenetics factors influencing smoking cessation success; the importance of nicotine metabolism.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2021Review
- High Cotinine and Healthcare Utilization Disparities Among Low-Income Children.American journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Recommendations to researchers for aiding in increasing American Indian representation in genetic research and personalized medicine.Personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Child tobacco smoke exposure and healthcare resource utilization patterns.Pediatric research · 2020Article
- Applying Tobacco, Environmental, and Dietary-Related Biomarkers to Understand Cancer Etiology and Evaluate Prevention Strategies.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2020Article
- Metabolomics Profiles of Smokers from Two Ethnic Groups with Differing Lung Cancer Risk.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nicotine is the primary addictive agent in tobacco, and P450 2A6 (gene name: CYP2A6) is the primary catalyst of nicotine metabolism. It was proposed more than 20 years ago that individuals who metabolize nicotine poorly would smoke less, either fewer cigarettes per day or less intensely per cigarette, compared to smokers who metabolize nicotine more efficiently. These poor metabolizers would then be less likely to develop lung cancer due to their lower exposure to the many carcinogens delivered with nicotine in each puff of smoke. Numerous studies have reported that smokers who carry reduced activity or null CYP2A6 alleles do smoke less. Yet only in Asian populations, both Japanese and Chinese, which have a high prevalence of genetic variants, has a link between CYP2A6, smoking dose, and lung cancer been established. In other ethnic groups, it has been challenging to confirm a direct link between P450 2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism and the risk of lung cancer. This challenge is due in part to the difficulty in accurately quantifying smoking dose and accurately predicting or measuring P450 2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism. Biomarkers of nicotine metabolism and smoking exposure, including the ratio of trans-3-hydroxycotine to cotinine, a measure of P450 2A6 activity and plasma cotinine, or urinary total nicotine equivalents (the sum of nicotine and six metabolites) as measures of exposure are useful for addressing this challenge. However, to take full advantage of these biomarkers in the study of ethnic/racial differences in the risk of lung cancer requires the complete characterization of nicotine metabolism across ethnic/racial groups. Variation in metabolism pathways, other than those catalyzed by P450 2A6, can impact biomarkers of both nicotine metabolism and dose. This is clearly important for smokers with low levels of UGT2B10-catalyzed nicotine and cotinine glucuronidation because the UGT2B10 genotype influences plasma cotinine levels. Cotinine is not glucuronidated in 15% of African American smokers (compared to 1% of Whites) due to the prevalence of a UGT2B10 splice variant. This variant contributes significantly to the higher plasma cotinine levels per cigarette in this group and may also influence the accuracy of the 3HCOT to cotinine ratio as a measure of P450 2A6 activity.
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