ReviewAnnals of translational medicine2016
Augmented and virtual reality in surgery-the digital surgical environment: applications, limitations and legal pitfalls.
Review in Annals of translational medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03606044 (Single-site Single-arm Feasibility Study of Patient-specific Interactive 3D Anatomical Models Aimed at Improving Surgery Planning Processes for Complex Renal Cancer Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 106 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Single-site Single-arm Feasibility Study of Patient-specific Interactive 3D Anatomical Models Aimed at Improving Surgery Planning Processes for Complex Renal Cancer Patients
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The impact of augmented reality on radiation exposure during spine surgery: a systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- How virtual reality is being adopted in anatomy education in health sciences and allied health: A systematic review.Anatomical sciences education · 2025Pooled it
- Extended reality in skull base surgery: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Application of Three-Dimensional Printing Technology in the Perioperative Management of Cardiac Tumours: A Review and Analysis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Augmented Reality Integration in Skull Base Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of immersive educational technologies in medical physics and radiation physics.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Augmented Reality (AR) for Surgical Robotic and Autonomous Systems: State of the Art, Challenges, and Solutions.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- Application of Virtual and Augmented Reality Technology in Hip Surgery: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- Augmented Reality in Neurosurgery, State of Art and Future Projections. A Systematic Review.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Pooled it
- Image Overlay Surgery Based on Augmented Reality: A Systematic Review.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2020Pooled it
- Augmented Reality in Medicine: Systematic and Bibliographic Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2019Pooled it
- Integrating augmented reality into health media campaigns: toward a more behavioral impact economic evaluation.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Application of virtual reality on non-drug behavioral management of short-term dental procedure in children.Trials · 2021Trial
- Mixed reality applications in percutaneous stone surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of stone-free rate and perioperative complications.BJUI compass · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence-supported segmentation of cardiac anatomy in open-heart surgery videos.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- From science fiction to operating room: Representations of surgery and AI in film and their ethical implications.Turkish journal of surgery · 2026Article
- A highly feasible simulation model based on nipple-preserving pork portions for practicing superficial mass resection.BMC surgery · 2026Article
- Perception-first digital twin for augmented reality microsurgery.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2026Article
- 3-dimensional reconstruction and mixed reality in thoracic surgery: a narrative review and user guide.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Review
- Evaluating the Needs and Characteristics of Individuals of Low Socioeconomic Status Using Digital Health Technology to Address Health-Related Social Needs: Mixed Methods Study With Patients and Care Providers.JMIR human factors · 2025Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The continuing enhancement of the surgical environment in the digital age has led to a number of innovations being highlighted as potential disruptive technologies in the surgical workplace. Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are rapidly becoming increasingly available, accessible and importantly affordable, hence their application into healthcare to enhance the medical use of data is certain. Whether it relates to anatomy, intraoperative surgery, or post-operative rehabilitation, applications are already being investigated for their role in the surgeons armamentarium. Here we provide an introduction to the technology and the potential areas of development in the surgical arena.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.