ArticleAddictive behaviors2017
Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl-contaminated heroin exposure among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically.
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review on intentional non-medical fentanyl use among people who use drugs.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Patterns of polysubstance use disorder among human trafficking survivors: A latent class analysis.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic Characteristics and Drug Use Practices Associated with Fentanyl Use Frequency Among People Who Use Drugs in Rhode Island.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Responding to the increase in substance use, HIV, HCV, and overdose in New England (RISE-NE): Protocol for a prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2026Article
- People entering opioid substance use treatment have low rates of naloxone knowledge and possession.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Mini-review: Harm reduction strategies among people who intentionally use fentanyl.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Study assessing the effectiveness of overdose prevention centers through research (SAFER): an overview of the study protocol.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Estimates of Illicit Opioid Use in the US.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Transcranial focused ultrasound to nucleus accumbens reverses fentanyl-induced conditioned place preference in rats.PloS one · 2025Article
- Acute opioid overdose in pediatric patients.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- Endogenous Opioid Activity as the Mechanism of Action for Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom): The Current State of the Evidence.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Fentanyl Exposure and Detection Strategies Utilized by Clinical Trial Participants Seeking Linkage to Opioid Use Disorder Treatment at a Syringe Service Program.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2024Article
- Perceptions of fentanyl among African Americans who misuse opioids: implications for risk reduction.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Understanding intentionality of fentanyl use and drug overdose risk: Findings from a mixed methods study of people who inject drugs in New York City.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Opioid overdoses involving xylazine in emergency department patients: a multicenter study.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
- Correlates of Heroin Use, Pharmaceutical Fentanyl Misuse, and Dual Heroin-Fentanyl Use: Evidence from the U.S.Drugs, habits and social policy · 2023Article
- Characteristics and correlates of fentanyl preferences among people with opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Fentanyl preference among people who use opioids in New York City.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Disparities in Opioid Prescribing for Long-Term Chronic and Short-Term Acute Pain: Findings from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey.The journal of behavioral health services & research · 2022Article
- "They say it's fentanyl, but they honestly look like Perc 30s": Initiation and use of counterfeit fentanyl pills.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe rate of overdose deaths caused by fentanyl-contaminated heroin (FCH) use is increasing rapidly in the United States. We examined risk factors for exposure to FCH and experiences with FCH use among young adult non-medical prescription opioids (NMPO) users.
methodsWe analyzed data from the Rhode Island Young Adult Prescription Drug Study (RAPiDS), which enrolled young adults aged 18 to 29 reporting prior 30day NMPO use between January 2015 and February 2016. Participants completed questionnaires ascertaining drug use patterns and risk behaviors, including FCH exposure. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with known or suspected FCH exposure.
resultsOf 199 participants, the median age was 25 (IQR: 22, 27), 130 (65.3%) were male, and 122 (61.3%) were of White, non-Hispanic race/ethnicity. In total, 22 (11%) reported known or suspected FCH exposure in the prior six months. Several drug use patterns and risk behaviors were associated with FCH exposure, including: regular heroin and cocaine use; diverted pharmaceutical fentanyl use in the prior six months; NMPO use to avoid withdrawal symptoms; longer duration of NMPO use; regular injection drug use; and prior overdose (all p<0.001). Among participants who reported FCH exposure, 59% were unaware that their heroin was contaminated with fentanyl prior to last use, 59% reported that FCH provides a better high, and all recognized that fentanyl increases overdose risk.
conclusionsExposure to fentanyl-contaminated heroin is an emerging trend among young adult NMPO users in Rhode Island. Overdose prevention programs addressing FCH use are urgently needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.