Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2017
Oral cannabidiol does not produce a signal for abuse liability in frequent marijuana smokers.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04412837 (The Use of Cannabinoid Patch for Knee Osteoarthritis), which is not on this map. Cited by 71 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Use of Cannabinoid Patch for Knee Osteoarthritis
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effectiveness and Safety of Cannabidiol in Non-seizure-related Indications: A Systematic Review of Published Randomized Clinical Trials.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Immunomodulatory Potential of Cannabidiol in Multiple Sclerosis: a Systematic Review.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Evidence for Use of Cannabinoids in Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and PTSD: A Systematic Review.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2021Pooled it
- Safety and tolerability of natural and synthetic cannabinoids in adults aged over 50 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- The Impact of THC and CBD in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Cannabidiol as an Alternative Analgesic for Acute Dental Pain.Journal of dental research · 2024Trial
- The effects of cannabidiol on subjective states, cognition, and psychomotor function in healthy adults: A randomized clinical trial.Fundamental & clinical pharmacology · 2023Trial
- Assessment of Orally Administered Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol When Coadministered With Cannabidiol on Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Pharmacokinetic Profile of ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabidiol and Metabolites in Blood following Vaporization and Oral Ingestion of Cannabidiol Products.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2022Trial
- The acute effects of cannabidiol on emotional processing and anxiety: a neurocognitive imaging study.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- The acute effects of cannabidiol on the neural correlates of reward anticipation and feedback in healthy volunteers.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2020Trial
- Cannabidiol (CBD) content in vaporized cannabis does not prevent tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced impairment of driving and cognition.Psychopharmacology · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Cannabidiol and Alcohol Use Disorders: An Updated Review of Therapeutic Potential.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Review
- Low-Dose Cannabidiol Treatment does not Alter Cognitive Performance in the HIV-1 Transgenic Rat Model of NeuroHIV.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- [Psychiatric aspects of commercially available products containing cannabidiol].Der Nervenarzt · 2026Review
- Cannabidiol at the crossroads: panacea, placebo, or problem?Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- THC induced similar physiological effects on HIV transgenic rats and their controls without affecting HIV-induced deficits in effortful motivation.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCannabidiol (CBD) is a naturally occurring constituent of the marijuana plant. In the past few years, there has been great interest in the therapeutic effects of isolated CBD and it is currently being explored for numerous disease conditions (e.g., pain, epilepsy, cancer, various drug dependencies). However, CBD remains a Schedule I drug on the U.S. Controlled Substances Act (CSA). Despite its status, there are no well-controlled data available regarding its abuse liability.
methodsHealthy, frequent marijuana users (n=31) were enrolled in this within subject, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multisite study that administered oral cannabidiol (0, 200, 400, 800mg) alone and in combination with smoked marijuana (0.01%, 5.3-5.8% THC). Participants received one dose combination across 8 once-weekly outpatient sessions (7.5h). The primary findings on the drug interaction effects were previously reported (Haney et al., 2016). The present study is a secondary analysis of the data to examine the abuse liability profile of oral cannabidiol (200, 400, 800mg) in comparison to oral placebo and active smoked marijuana (5.3-5.8% THC).
resultsActive marijuana reliably produced abuse-related subjective effects (e.g., high) (p<0.05). However, CBD was placebo-like on all measures collected (p>0.05).
conclusionsOverall, CBD did not display any signals of abuse liability at the doses tested and these data may help inform U.S. regulatory decisions regarding CBD schedule on the CSA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.