Observational studyImmunity2017
Lactobacillus-Deficient Cervicovaginal Bacterial Communities Are Associated with Increased HIV Acquisition in Young South African Women.
2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph
Observational study in Immunity, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 460 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
460citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
44.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Human Microbiome in pPROM, Preterm Birth and the Neonatal Infant: a Prospective Longitudinal Pilot-study
Phase 2 Placebo-controlled Randomized Trial of LACTIN-V (Lactobacillus Crispatus CTV-05) Among Women at High Risk of HIV Acquisition in Durban, South Africa
Who cites it
460 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 690 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viruses in the female lower reproductive tract: a systematic descriptive review of metagenomic investigations.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Schistosoma haematobium infection and treatment on the systemic and mucosal immune phenotype, gene expression and microbiome: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Pooled it
- The Vaginal Microbiota, Human Papillomavirus Infection, and Cervical Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review in the Latina Population.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Pooled it
- Human papillomavirus, vaginal microbiota and metagenomics: the interplay between development and progression of cervical cancer.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Vaginal Microbiota and Cytokines Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Clinical Trials of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring and Oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Impact of Vaginal Estradiol on the Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause, Vaginal Microbiome and Mucosal Immune Mediators in Women With HIV.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- Vaginal microbiota impacts of a Lactobacillus crispatus live biotherapeutic and predictors of colonization in randomized controlled trial.Cell host & microbe · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Effect of contraceptive methods on the vaginal microbiome and host immune factors.Contraception · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Vaginal Bacteria and Proinflammatory Host Immune Mediators as Biomarkers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition Risk Among African Women.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Vaginal microbiota stability over 18 months in young student women in France.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Trial
- Non-Lactobacillus-Dominant and Polymicrobial Vaginal Microbiomes Are More Common in Younger South African Women and Predictive of Increased Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Influence of Hormonal Contraceptive Use and HIV on Cervicovaginal Cytokines and Microbiota in Malawi.mSphere · 2023Trial
- Genital inflammatory status and the innate immune response to contraceptive initiation.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2022Trial
- The cervicovaginal gut microbiota axis as a key determinant of systemic physiology.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Characterization of vaginal lactobacilli from South African women toward the development of a biotherapeutic to optimize the vaginal microbiome.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Association Between Vaginal Microbiota and Female Infertility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Microbiota-derived 10-hydroxystearic acid activates PPARα to restore gut epithelial barrier integrity and enhance anti-retroviral therapy.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
400 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Christina GosmannRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Melis N AnahtarRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Scott A HandleyDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Mara FarcasanuRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Galeb Abu-AliDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Brittany A BowmanRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Nikita PadavattanHIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4001, South Africa.
Chandni DesaiDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Lindsay DroitDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Amber MoodleyFemales Rising through Education, Support, and Health, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4066, South Africa.
Mary DongRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Females Rising through Education, Support, and Health, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4066, South Africa.
Yuezhou ChenDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Nasreen IsmailHIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4001, South Africa.
Thumbi Ndung'uRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4001, South Africa.
Musie S GhebremichaelRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Duane R WesemannDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Caroline MitchellVincent Obstetrics & Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Krista L DongRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Females Rising through Education, Support, and Health, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4066, South Africa.
Curtis HuttenhowerDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Bruce D WalkerRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Herbert W VirginDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Douglas S KwonRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: dkwon@mgh.harvard.edu.
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard · USWashington University in St. Louis · USMassachusetts General Hospital · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USHarvard University · USUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal · ZA
Funding
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM007753 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI WALENSKY, LOREN DAVID · 1985 to 2021
$50.0MPilot & Feasibility ProgramP30DK043351 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI RAYMOND T CHUNG · 1991 to 2026
$35.3MDiscovering the Role of Commensal Microbes on Primary B Lymphocyte DevelopmentR01AI113217 · NIAID · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI WESEMANN, DUANE R. · 2015 to 2019
$3.3MPathogenesis of Clade C HIV InfectionR01AI067073 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WALKER, BRUCE D · 2006 to 2010
$2.9MInflammation and the vaginal metagenome in HIV acquisitionR01AI111918 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI KWON, DOUGLAS, VIRGIN, HERBERT W · 2014 to 2017
$2.5MHoward Hughes Medical InstituteNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI067073NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI111918NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI113217NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK043351NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007753
Abstract
Elevated inflammation in the female genital tract is associated with increased HIV risk. Cervicovaginal bacteria modulate genital inflammation; however, their role in HIV susceptibility has not been elucidated. In a prospective cohort of young, healthy South African women, we found that individuals with diverse genital bacterial communities dominated by anaerobes other than Gardnerella were at over 4-fold higher risk of acquiring HIV and had increased numbers of activated mucosal CD4
Indexed as
AnimalsBacteria, AnaerobicCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCervix UteriCohort StudiesFemaleFlow CytometryHIV InfectionsHumansLactobacillusMiceMicrobiotaPrevotellaSouth AfricaVaginafemale genital tract (FGT)HIV acquisitionHIV susceptibilitymucosal immunologysub-Saharan Africavaginal microbiome
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT04489056ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05022212ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.