ArticleThe Journal of cell biology1989
The motor for poleward chromosome movement in anaphase is in or near the kinetochore.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 1989. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microtubule depolymerization at kinetochores restricts anaphase spindle elongation.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Mechanical Mechanisms of Chromosome Segregation.Cells · 2021Review
- Evidence for anaphase pulling forces during C. elegans meiosis.The Journal of cell biology · 2020Article
- Electron tomography reveals aspects of spindle structure important for mechanical stability at metaphase.Molecular biology of the cell · 2020Article
- Central-spindle microtubules are strongly coupled to chromosomes during both anaphase A and anaphase B.Molecular biology of the cell · 2019Article
- Microtubule Sliding within the Bridging Fiber Pushes Kinetochore Fibers Apart to Segregate Chromosomes.Developmental cell · 2017Article
- Mapping Load-Bearing in the Mammalian Spindle Reveals Local Kinetochore Fiber Anchorage that Provides Mechanical Isolation and Redundancy.Current biology : CB · 2017Article
- Mechanisms of Chromosome Congression during Mitosis.Biology · 2017Review
- An Exploration of the Impact of Anticentromere Antibody on Early-Stage Embryo.Journal of immunology research · 2017Article
- Chromatids segregate without centrosomes during Caenorhabditis elegans mitosis in a Ran- and CLASP-dependent manner.Molecular biology of the cell · 2015Article
- From equator to pole: splitting chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis.Genes & development · 2015Review
- Direct kinetochore-spindle pole connections are not required for chromosome segregation.The Journal of cell biology · 2014Article
- Cell cycle-regulated membrane binding of NuMA contributes to efficient anaphase chromosome separation.Molecular biology of the cell · 2014Article
- Searching for electrical properties, phenomena and mechanisms in the construction and function of chromosomes.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2013Article
- Biophysics of mitosis.Quarterly reviews of biophysics · 2012Review
- ASURA (PHB2) Is Required for Kinetochore Assembly and Subsequent Chromosome Congression.Acta histochemica et cytochemica · 2011Article
- The molecular basis of anaphase A in animal cells.Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology · 2011Article
- The perpetual movements of anaphase.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2010Review
- Mechanisms of chromosome behaviour during mitosis.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2010Review
- Requirements for NuMA in maintenance and establishment of mammalian spindle poles.The Journal of cell biology · 2009Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
I have tested two contending views of chromosome-to-pole movement in anaphase. Chromosomes might be pulled poleward by a traction fiber consisting of the kinetochore microtubules and associated motors, or they might propel themselves by a motor in the kinetochore. I cut through the spindle of demembranated grasshopper spermatocytes between the chromosomes and one pole and swept the polar region away, removing a portion of the would-be traction fiber. Chromosome movement continued, and in the best examples, chromosomes moved to within 1 micron of the cut edge. There is nothing beyond the edge to support movement, and a push from the rear is unlikely because cuts in the interzone behind the separating chromosomes did not stop movement. Therefore, I conclude that the motor must be in the kinetochore or within 1 micron of it. Less conclusive evidence points to the kinetochore itself as the motor. The alternative is an external motor pulling on the kinetochore microtubules or directly on the kinetochore. A pulling motor would move kinetochore microtubules along with the chromosome, so that in a cut half-spindle, the microtubules should protrude from the cut edge as chromosomes move toward it. No protrusion was seen; however, the possibility that microtubules depolymerize as they are extruded, though unlikely, is not ruled out. What is certain is that the motor for poleward chromosome movement in anaphase must be in the kinetochore or very close to it.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.