Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28084157›Full record

ReviewJournal of the Royal Society of Medicine2017

Cholesterol-lowering drugs: science and marketing.

Livio Garattini, Anna Padula

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Enzyme-Assisted Synthesis and In Vitro Characterization of Bifunctional PCSK9 Inhibitors.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Construction ofFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020
    Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Livio GarattiniCESAV, Centre for Health Economics, IRCCS Institute for Pharmacological Research 'Mario Negri', 24020 Ranica, Italy.
Anna PadulaCESAV, Centre for Health Economics, IRCCS Institute for Pharmacological Research 'Mario Negri', 24020 Ranica, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Long-term use of statin therapy is essential to obtain clinical benefits, but adherence is often suboptimal and some patients are also reported to fail because of 'statin resistance'. The identification of PCSK9 as a key factor in the LDL clearance pathway has led to the development of new monoclonal antibodies. Here we critically review the economic evaluations published in Europe and focused on statins. We searched the PubMed database to select the studies published from July 2006 to June 2016 and finally selected 19 articles. Overall, the majority of studies were conducted from a third-party payer's viewpoint and recurred to modelling. Most studies were sponsored by industry and funding seemed to play a pivotal role in the study design. Patients resistant to LDL-C level reduction were considered only in a few studies. The place in therapy of the new class of biologic should be considered a kind of 'third line' for cholesterol-lowering, after patients have failed with restricted dietary regimens and then with current drug therapies. Otherwise they could result in hardly sustainable expenses even for developed countries.

Indexed as

Drug CostsAntibodies, MonoclonalAnticholesteremic AgentsCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, LDLDrug ResistanceEuropeHumansPatient SelectionProprotein Convertase 9Antibodies, MonoclonalAnticholesteremic AgentsCholesterol, LDLPCSK9 protein, humanProprotein Convertase 9cardiovascular medicinedrugshealth economicshealth policy

Identifiers

PMID28084157
PMCPMC5305008

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.