Trial reportPloS one2017
Characteristics of HIV-Infected Children at Enrollment into Care and at Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Central Africa.
Trial report in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Characterizing the HIV care continuum among children and adolescents with HIV in eastern and southern Africa in the era of "Universal Test and Treat": A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- Timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation and seropositivity to measles virus among children living with HIV in rural Zambia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The changing characteristics of a cohort of children and adolescents living with HIV at antiretroviral therapy initiation in Asia.PloS one · 2023Article
- Factors Associated with Treatment Outcomes Among Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Central Kenya.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
- Treatment outcomes among children younger than five years living with HIV in rural Zambia, 2008-2018: a cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Variations in the characteristics and outcomes of children living with HIV following universal ART in sub-Saharan Africa (2006-17): a retrospective cohort study.The lancet. HIV · 2021Article
- Addressing Pediatric HIV Pretreatment Drug Resistance and Virologic Failure in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Diagnostic-Based Strategies in Children ≥3 Years Old.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Gone But Not Lost: Implications for Estimating HIV Care Outcomes When Loss to Clinic Is Not Loss to Care.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Article
- Impact of WHO guidelines on trends in HIV testing and ART initiation among children living with HIV in Zambia.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Article
- Earlier Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation and Decreasing Mortality Among HIV-infected Infants Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy Within 3 Months of Age in South Africa, 2006-2017.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2020Article
- Growth and pubertal development in HIV-infected adolescents.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2018Review
- Equity of child and adolescent treatment, continuity of care and mortality, according to age and gender among enrollees in a large HIV programme in Tanzania.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite the World Health Organization (WHO) regularly updating guidelines to recommend earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children, timely enrollment into care and initiation of ART in sub-Saharan Africa in children lags behind that of adults. The impact of implementing increasingly less restrictive ART guidelines on ART initiation in Central Africa has not been described. MATERIALS AND
methodsData are from the Central Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) pediatric cohort of 3,426 children (0-15 years) entering HIV care at 15 sites in Burundi, DRC, and Rwanda. Measures include CD4 count, WHO clinical stage, age, and weight-for-age Z score (WAZ), each at enrollment into HIV care and at ART initiation. Changes in the medians or proportions of each measure by year of enrollment and year of ART initiation were assessed to capture potential impacts of changing ART guidelines.
resultsMedian age at care enrollment decreased from 77.2 months in 2004-05 to 30.3 months in 2012-13. The median age at ART initiation (n = 2058) decreased from 83.0 months in 2004-05 to 66.9 months in 2012-13. The proportion of children ≤24 months of age at enrollment increased from 12.7% in 2004-05 to 46.7% in 2012-13, and from 9.6% in 2004-05 to 24.2% in 2012-13 for ART initiation. The median CD4 count at enrollment into care increased from 563 (IQR: 275, 901) in 2004-05 to 660 (IQR: 339, 1071) cells/μl in 2012-13, and the median CD4 count at ART initiation increased from 310 (IQR:167, 600) in 2004-05 to 589 (IQR: 315, 1113) cells/μl in 2012-13. From 2004-05 to 2012-13, median WAZ improved from -2 (IQR: -3.4, -1.1) to -1 (IQR: -2.5, -0.2) at enrollment in care and from -2 (IQR: -3.8, -1.6) to -1 (IQR: -2.6, -0.4) at ART initiation. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionAlthough HIV-infected children ≤24 months of age accounted for half of all children enrolling in care in our cohort during 2012-13, they represented less than a quarter of all those who were initiated on ART during the same period. Further research is needed to identify barriers to timely diagnosis, linkage to care, and initiation of ART among children with HIV infection.
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