ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2017
"Breastfeeding" without baby: A longitudinal, qualitative investigation of how mothers perceive, feel about, and practice human milk expression.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mothers' experiences of breast milk expression during separation from their hospitalized infants: a systematic review of qualitative evidence.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Measuring Mothers' Viewpoints of Breast Pump Usage.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- An Integrative Review of Exclusive Breast Milk Expression.Journal of midwifery & women's healthPooled it
- Exclusively Pumping Women's Milk Production and Pumping and Feeding Dynamics-An Online Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Somalian mothers' perspectives on breast milk while their infants are cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit: a qualitative study.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Pumps, patriarchy, and profits: the rise of breast pumping and "human milk feeding" and why preserving "breastfeeding" is important.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Microbial contamination of medicines, medical devices, cosmetics, child and personal care products: a comprehensive review of secondary contamination risks in home-use settings.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- A National Survey: Trends in U.S. Postpartum Pumping Practices After Term Deliveries.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring Risk Factors Associated With Early Mother's Own Milk Feeding Cessation in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Pumping and hygiene practices are associated with bacterial load and microbial composition in human milk expressed at home.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Flange Size Matters: A Comparative Pilot Study of the Flange FITSJournal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2025Article
- Maternal and Infant Characteristics and Pumping Profiles of Women That Predominantly Pump Milk for Their Infants.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Pumps: A Possible Tool to Promote More Equitable Lactation Outcomes.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2024Review
- Time and change: a typology for presenting research findings in qualitative longitudinal research.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Article
- Dual modality feeders: a group of human milk feeders with unique practices and needs.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Dual modality feeders: a group of human milk feeders with unique practices and needs.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Beliefs and Decision-Making of First-Time Mothers Planning to Use a Breast Pump.The Journal of perinatal education · 2023Article
- Breastfeeding after return to work: An Australian national workplace survey.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- Parental factors that impact the ecology of human mammary development, milk secretion, and milk composition-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 1.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Exclusive breastmilk pumping: A concept analysis.Nursing forum · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most American mothers who produce human milk (HM) now pump in place of some or all feeding at the breast, and most American infants are now fed pumped HM. We aimed to investigate mothers' perceptions of, attitudes toward, and practices for pumping and providing pumped HM. Results related to pumping are reported here. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews among a diverse sample of 20 mothers who pumped, following each from pregnancy through infant HM-feeding cessation up to 1 year postpartum. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis with Atlas.ti. Mothers' reasons for pumping changed over time and reflected their needs and desires (e.g., latch difficulty, return to work, and increasing their milk supply). Mothers reported that pump type and quality were important to pumping success and that pumping was time-consuming, costly, and unpleasant compared to feeding at the breast. Regardless of how often mothers pumped, most felt pumping was necessary to meet their infant HM-feeding goals and was a welcome means of sharing with other caregivers the bonding opportunity and tasks they associated with feeding infants. Mothers interpreted output from pumping sessions to understand their ability to provide enough milk to meet their infants' needs. Mothers' reasons for pumping may signal constraints to infant HM feeding that may be addressed with policy changes. Mothers' attitudes and perceptions toward pumping indicate that, although pumping fills important and welcome roles for many mothers, the reality of its practice may make it an unacceptable or infeasible substitute for some.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.