Observational studyJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2018
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Diabetes Quality of Care: the Role of Healthcare Access and Socioeconomic Status.
Observational study in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 141 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 232 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic retinopathy treatment cascade and care continuum in the USA: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2026Pooled it
- Association Between Patient Race/Ethnicity, Health Literacy, Socio-Economic Status, and Incidence of Medication Errors: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Multilevel and Multidomain Interventions on Glycemic Control in U.S. Hispanic Populations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Life expectancy in individuals with type 1, type 2 diabetes and without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Type 2 diabetes complications in ethnic minority compared with European host populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2024Pooled it
- Racial, ethnic and regional differences in the effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Twenty-year trends in racial and ethnic enrollment in large diabetes randomized controlled trials.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiovascular outcomes of antidiabetes medications by race/ethnicity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2021Pooled it
- Racial outcomes in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy treated with an aldose reductase inhibitor: the ARISE-HF trial.Open heart · 2026Trial
- Mobile Health Intervention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Sicker at all ages? Two decades of changing disease histories and mortality in the United States.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Intersection of race and ethnicity with perceptions of health status and literacy in adult patients with spinal deformity: insights from the all of us research program.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- Pediatric Diabetes Prevalence Among Medicaid Beneficiaries.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Access to Transportation Among Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Integrating Community Health Workers Into Clinical Settings.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing in diabetic foot ulcers: pathogenesis, biomarkers, and translational potential.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Review
- Potential Use of Voice-Activated Personal Assistants in Diabetes Prevention and Management: An Exploratory Qualitative Study Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.Health promotion practice · 2026Article
- Improving Outcomes for Black Adults with Diabetes: The Power of Peer Support in the Multidisciplinary Care Team.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
- "I Feel Like a Lot of Black Women Don't Seek Preconception Health." Qualitative Findings of Preconception Health among Young Black Women in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionBlacks, Hispanics, and Asians are disproportionately affected by diabetes. We assessed the state of racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes quality of care in the USA.
methodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data of adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes in the nationally representative 2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Differences in adherence to five diabetes quality of care recommendations (HbA1c twice yearly, yearly foot exam, dilated eye exam, blood cholesterol test, and flu vaccination) were examined by race/ethnicity while controlling for three social determinants of health (health insurance status, poverty, and education) and other demographic variables.
resultsAmong adults with diabetes in the USA, 74.9% received two or more HbA1c tests, 69.0% had a foot exam, 64.9% had an eye exam, 85.4% had a cholesterol test, and 65.1% received flu vaccination in 2013. Compared to Whites, all were lower for Hispanics; HbA1c tests, eye exam, and flu vaccination were lower for Blacks; HbA1c tests, foot exam, and eye exam were lower for Asians. In adjusted models, the only remaining disparities in quality of care indicators were HbA1c tests for Hispanics (AOR 0.67, CI = 0.47-0.97), Blacks (AOR 0.59, CI = 0.40-0.88), and Asians (AOR 0.47, CI = 0.42-0.99); foot exams for Hispanics (AOR 0.65, CI = 0.47-0.90); and flu vaccination for Blacks (AOR 0.68, CI = 0.49-0.93).
conclusionLack of insurance coverage and education explained some of the racial/ethnic disparities observed in diabetes quality of care. Improving quality of diabetes care could help reduce rates of diabetes complications, healthcare costs, and mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.