ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2017
Colonization Factors in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains in Travelers to Mexico, Guatemala, and India Compared with Children in Houston, Texas.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral delivery of Hyperimmune bovine serum antibodies against CS6-expressing enterotoxigenicGut microbes · 2020Trial
- A 25-year landscape of Escherichia coli vaccine development: systematic review of human clinical studies.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Genome Sequencing and Assembly of EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- A Polyvalent Adhesin-Toxoid Multiepitope-Fusion-Antigen-Induced Functional Antibodies against Five EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Polyvalent Protein Adhesin MEFA-II Induces Functional Antibodies against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Adhesins CS7, CS12, CS14, CS17, and CS21 and Heat-Stable Toxin (STa).Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and traveler's diarrhea attack rates among travelers to India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2022Review
- The role of CFA/I in adherence and toxin delivery by ETEC expressing multiple colonization factors in the human enteroid model.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Intestinal Epithelial Cells Modulate the Production of Enterotoxins by Porcine EnterotoxigenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Molecular characterization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli toxins and colonization factors in children under five years with acute diarrhea attending Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2021Article
- Biochemical and Immunological Evaluation of Recombinant CS6-Derived Subunit Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine Candidates.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Heat-Stable Enterotoxins of EnterotoxigenicToxins · 2019Review
- The Coli Surface Antigen CS3 of EnterotoxigenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Coinfection with Enteric Pathogens in East African Children with Acute Gastroenteritis-Associations and Interpretations.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
- Impact of Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction and Postintroduction Etiology of Diarrhea Requiring Hospital Admission in Haydom, Tanzania, a Rural African Setting.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) can be attributed to around 200 million diarrheal episodes and 380,000 deaths in the developing regions. Travelers' diarrhea occurs in 15-40% of travelers to developing regions with ETEC being the most important etiologic agent. This study aims to describe the distribution of enterotoxins and colonization factor (CF) profiles of ETEC isolates from stool samples of adult travelers acquiring diarrhea in Mexico, Guatemala, and India and a group of children with acute diarrhea in Houston, TX, between 2007 and 2012. The heat-labile/heat-stable (LT/ST) enterotoxins and CFs from 252 patients were determined using polymerase chain reaction assay. Among the 252 ETEC isolates, 15% were LT-only, 58% were ST-only, and 28% produced both LT and ST. The distribution of LT-only (12-15%) and ST-only (55-56%) isolates was similar between Latin American and Indian sites. The most prevalent CF was CS21, expressed in 65% of the isolates followed by CS6 (25%) and CS3 (17%). Among the international travelers, 64% of the ETEC isolates expressed CS21. CS21 was expressed in 46% of isolates from Latin America compared with 96% of isolates from India (P < 0.0001). CS21 was expressed in 85% isolates from Houston children. CS21 was increasingly found in ST-only (P = 0.003) and ST/LT (P = 0.026) ETEC compared with LT-only ETEC. High frequency of finding CS21 among recent isolates of ETEC over a wide geographic distribution warrants additional studies on this CF. Highly conserved CS21 is an important target for potential multivalent ETEC vaccines.
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