ReviewSao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina
Association between asthma and female sex hormones.
Review in Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender bias in clinical trials of biological agents for severe asthma: A systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Sex chromosomes and gonadal sex interactions in airway and immune responses to allergen challenge.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Article
- Biomarker-Defined Endotypes and Clinical Phenotypes of Asthma: A Cluster-Based Analysis of Type-2 Inflammatory Patterns and Their Clinical Correlates.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Article
- Article
- Obesity indicators and female asthma risk: the mediating role of white blood cell count based on NHANES data analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Exogenous acetate mitigates later enhanced allergic airway inflammation in a menopausal mouse model.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Relationship between prognostic nutritional index and asthma: a cross-sectional analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Age at menarche and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Smoking, Urban Housing and Work-Aggravated Asthma are Associated with Asthma Severity in a Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2024Article
- Association of systemic immune-inflammation index with asthma and asthma-related events: a cross-sectional NHANES-based study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Association between Chronic Environmental Lead (Pb) Exposure and Cytokines in Males and Females of Reproductive Age from Kabwe, Zambia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The effect of aerobic exercise training on asthma control in postmenopausal women (ATOM): a randomized controlled pilot study.European clinical respiratory journal · 2023Article
- Asthma in pregnancy.Allergy and asthma proceedings · 2023Review
- Perimenstrual Asthma in Adolescents: A Shared Condition in Pediatric and Gynecological Endocrinology.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Sex Hormones and Lung Inflammation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- The impact of 17β-estradiol and progesterone therapy on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of asthmatic patients.Molecular biology reports · 2021Article
- The Role of Airways 17β-Estradiol as a Biomarker of Severity in Postmenopausal Asthma: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Level of sex hormones and their association with acetylsalicylic acid intolerance and nasal polyposis.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CONTEXT AND
objective: The relationship between sex hormones and asthma has been evaluated in several studies. The aim of this review article was to investigate the association between asthma and female sex hormones, under different conditions (premenstrual asthma, use of oral contraceptives, menopause, hormone replacement therapy and pregnancy). DESIGN AND
setting: Narrative review of the medical literature, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) and Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp).
methods: We searched the CAPES journal portal, a Brazilian platform that provides access to articles in the MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases. The following keywords were used based on Medical Subject Headings: asthma, sex hormones, women and use of oral contraceptives.
results: The associations between sex hormones and asthma remain obscure. In adults, asthma is more common in women than in men. In addition, mortality due to asthma is significantly higher among females. The immune system is influenced by sex hormones: either because progesterone stimulates progesterone-induced blocking factor and Th2 cytokines or because contraceptives derived from progesterone and estrogen stimulate the transcription factor GATA-3.
conclusions: The associations between asthma and female sex hormones remain obscure. We speculate that estrogen fluctuations are responsible for asthma exacerbations that occur in women. Because of the anti-inflammatory action of estrogen, it decreases TNF-α production, interferon-γ expression and NK cell activity. We suggest that further studies that highlight the underlying physiopathological mechanisms contributing towards these interactions should be conducted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.