Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28074900›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2017

Physical controllability of complex networks.

Le-Zhi Wang, Yu-Zhong Chen, Wen-Xu Wang, Ying-Cheng Lai

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Low-dimensional controllability of brain networks.PLoS computational biology · 2025
    Article
  3. Resonant learning in scale-free networks.PLoS computational biology · 2023
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Data-driven control of complex networks.Nature communications · 2021
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Harnessing tipping points in complex ecological networks.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2019
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Enhancing Controllability Robustness ofResearch (Washington, D.C.) · 2019
    Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Le-Zhi WangSchool of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Yu-Zhong ChenSchool of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Wen-Xu WangDepartment of Systems Science, School of Management and Center for Complexity Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Ying-Cheng LaiSchool of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A challenging problem in network science is to control complex networks. In existing frameworks of structural or exact controllability, the ability to steer a complex network toward any desired state is measured by the minimum number of required driver nodes. However, if we implement actual control by imposing input signals on the minimum set of driver nodes, an unexpected phenomenon arises: due to computational or experimental error there is a great probability that convergence to the final state cannot be achieved. In fact, the associated control cost can become unbearably large, effectively preventing actual control from being realized physically. The difficulty is particularly severe when the network is deemed controllable with a small number of drivers. Here we develop a physical controllability framework based on the probability of achieving actual control. Using a recently identified fundamental chain structure underlying the control energy, we offer strategies to turn physically uncontrollable networks into physically controllable ones by imposing slightly augmented set of input signals on properly chosen nodes. Our findings indicate that, although full control can be theoretically guaranteed by the prevailing structural controllability theory, it is necessary to balance the number of driver nodes and control cost to achieve physical control.

Identifiers

PMID28074900
PMCPMC5225471

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.