ArticleAddictive behaviors2017
Criterion validity of measures of perceived relative harm of e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco compared to cigarettes.
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions to change vaping harm perceptions and associations between harm perceptions and vaping and smoking behaviours: A systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Developing and Validating Measures of Absolute and Relative E-Cigarette Product Risk Perceptions: Single Items Can Be Surprisingly Comprehensive.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Pooled it
- Communicating risk differences between electronic and combusted cigarettes: the role of the FDA-mandated addiction warning and a nicotine fact sheet.Tobacco control · 2020Trial
- Effects of a Nicotine Fact Sheet on Perceived Risk of Nicotine and E-Cigarettes and Intentions to Seek Information About and Use E-Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- Examining socio-economic disparities among e-cigarette users and cigarette smokers in three Canadian jurisdictions.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- Contributions to Research and Practice Made by the National Cancer Institute's Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch.Health communication · 2024Article
- Validating the short gambling harm screen against external benchmarks.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2022Article
- Adolescent perceptions of E-cigarette use and vaping behavior before and after the EVALI outbreak.Preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Measuring Cigarette Smoking Risk Perceptions.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Review
- Adult perceptions of the relative harm of tobacco products and subsequent tobacco product use: Longitudinal findings from waves 1 and 2 of the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study.Addictive behaviors · 2020Article
- Waterpipe tobacco package warning exposure's impact on risk perceptions and use among young adults in the USA: a longitudinal analysis of the population assessment of tobacco and health study.Tobacco control · 2019Article
- Testing messages about comparative risk of electronic cigarettes and combusted cigarettes.Tobacco control · 2019Article
- Relative Risk Perceptions between Snus and Cigarettes in a Snus-Prevalent Society-An Observational Study over a 16 Year Period.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Observational
- The Impact of E-Cigarette Warnings, Warning Themes and Inclusion of Relative Harm Statements on Young Adults' E-Cigarette Perceptions and Use Intentions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Beliefs about FDA tobacco regulation, modifiability of cancer risk, and tobacco product comparative harm perceptions: Findings from the HINTS-FDA 2015.Preventive medicine · 2018Article
- Motives and perceptions regarding electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among adults with mental health conditions.Addictive behaviors · 2018Article
- Measuring perceptions related to e-cigarettes: Important principles and next steps to enhance study validity.Addictive behaviors · 2018Review
- The Association between Potential Exposure to Magazine Ads with Voluntary Health Warnings and the Perceived Harmfulness of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Measuring youth beliefs about the harms of e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco compared to cigarettes.Addictive behaviors · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Beliefs about the relative harmfulness of one product compared to another (perceived relative harm) are central to research and regulation concerning tobacco and nicotine-containing products, but techniques for measuring such beliefs vary widely. We compared the validity of direct and indirect measures of perceived harm of e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (SLT) compared to cigarettes. On direct measures, participants explicitly compare the harmfulness of each product. On indirect measures, participants rate the harmfulness of each product separately, and ratings are compared. The U.S. Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS-FDA-2015; N=3738) included direct measures of perceived harm of e-cigarettes and SLT compared to cigarettes. Indirect measures were created by comparing ratings of harm from e-cigarettes, SLT, and cigarettes on 3-point scales. Logistic regressions tested validity by assessing whether direct and indirect measures were associated with criterion variables including: ever-trying e-cigarettes, ever-trying snus, and SLT use status. Compared to the indirect measures, the direct measures of harm were more consistently associated with criterion variables. On direct measures, 26% of adults rated e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes, and 11% rated SLT as less harmful than cigarettes. Direct measures appear to provide valid information about individuals' harm beliefs, which may be used to inform research and tobacco control policy. Further validation research is encouraged.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.