ArticleMedicine2017
[11C]-(R)-PK11195 positron emission tomography in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: A pilot study.
Article in Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Multimodal approach to identify neuropsychophysiological subgroups in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and their relevance for rehabilitation: protocol for a mechanistic cross-sectional and longitudinal study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Criteria and Technical Evaluation of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- How does chronic psychosocial distress induce pain? Focus on neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity changes.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Shared neural signatures in Functional Neurological Disorder and Chronic Pain: a multimodal narrative review.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of complex regional pain syndrome.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Microbiota-Accessible Boron-Containing Compounds in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Pathogenic mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated pain.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Imaging Modalities and Their Findings in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Review.Cureus · 2023Review
- Different Types of Pain in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Require a Personalized Treatment Strategy.Journal of pain research · 2023Review
- Evaluation ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Altered basal ganglia infraslow oscillation and resting functional connectivity in complex regional pain syndrome.Journal of neuroscience research · 2022Article
- From a Symptom-Based to a Mechanism-Based Pharmacotherapeutic Treatment in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.Drugs · 2022Review
- Novel PET Imaging of Inflammatory Targets and Cells for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- The Role of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Chronic Pain: Implications for Clinical Practice.Journal of pain research · 2022Review
- Mechanistic Insight into the Effects of Curcumin on Neuroinflammation-Driven Chronic Pain.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Neuroimmune Interactions in Pain and Stress: An Interdisciplinary Approach.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2021Review
- Denying the Truth Does Not Change the Facts: A Systematic Analysis of Pseudoscientific Denial of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.Journal of pain research · 2021Review
- Role of microglia and P2X4 receptors in chronic pain.Pain reports · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by severe and chronic pain, but the pathophysiology of this disease are not clearly understood. The primary aim of our case-control study was to explore neuroinflammation in patients with CRPS using positron emission tomography (PET), with an 18-kDa translocator protein specific radioligand [C]-(R)-PK11195. [C]-(R)-PK11195 PET scans were acquired for 11 patients with CRPS (30-55 years) and 12 control subjects (30-52 years). Parametric image of distribution volume ratio (DVR) for each participant was generated by applying a relative equilibrium-based graphical analysis. The DVR of [C]-(R)-PK11195 in the caudate nucleus (t(21) = -3.209, P = 0.004), putamen (t(21) = -2.492, P = 0.022), nucleus accumbens (t(21) = -2.218, P = 0.040), and thalamus (t(21) = -2.395, P = 0.026) were significantly higher in CRPS patients than in healthy controls. Those of globus pallidus (t(21) = -2.045, P = 0.054) tended to be higher in CRPS patients than in healthy controls. In patients with CRPS, there was a positive correlation between the DVR of [C]-(R)-PK11195 in the caudate nucleus and the pain score, the visual analog scale (r = 0.661, P = 0.026, R = 0.408) and affective subscales of McGill Pain Questionnaire (r = 0.604, P = 0.049, R = 0.364). We demonstrated that neuroinflammation of CRPS patients in basal ganglia. Our results suggest that microglial pathology can be an important pathophysiology of CRPS. Association between the level of caudate nucleus and pain severity indicated that neuroinflammation in this region might play a key role. These results may be essential for developing effective medical treatments.
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Registered trials
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