ArticleJournal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society2017
Sex differences in tendon structure and function.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicles Are Associated With Biological, Mechanical, and Structural Tendon Healing Metrics in Preclinical Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026Pooled it
- Structural Variations of Tendons: A Systematic Search and Narrative Review of Histological Differences Between Tendons, Tendon Regions, Sex, and Age.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- Tendinopathy: sex bias starts from the preclinical development of tendon treatments. A systematic review.Biology of sex differences · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Plyometric Training on Lower Body Muscle Architecture, Tendon Structure, Stiffness and Physical Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2022Pooled it
- Time-dependent growth factor kinetics, platelet concentration, and clinical response following platelet-rich plasma versus saline in chronic tenosynovitis: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Trial
- Macroscale and microscale mechanical and biochemical properties of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon are regionally dependent.American journal of veterinary research · 2026Article
- The impact of type 2 diabetes on tendon material properties and locomotor function in the db/db mouse.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of different macromolecular crowding agents in human tenocyte cultures.Biomaterials and biosystems · 2026Article
- An overview in tendon's physiology, pathomorphology, and treatment options.Cell and tissue research · 2026Review
- Fascicular Elastin Impacts Tendon-Specific Ramp-to-Failure and Fatigue Mechanics.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2025Article
- Early adaptive and late degenerative tendon response to overload in rat model of synergist ablation.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Obesity-driven musculotendinous remodeling impairs tissue resilience to mechanical damage.Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- Functional Analysis of MS-Based Proteomics Data: From Protein Groups to Networks.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2024Article
- Human Tendon-on-Chip: Unveiling the Effect of Core Compartment-T Cell Spatiotemporal Crosstalk at the Onset of Tendon Inflammation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Review
- Fast dual-echo estimation of apparent long T2 fraction using ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging in tibialis tendons and its osteoporosis-related differences in women.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Evaluation of suitable reference genes for qPCR normalisation of gene expression in a Achilles tendon injury model.PloS one · 2024Article
- Successive tendon injury in anFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Collagen scaffold-seeded iTenocytes accelerate the healing and functional recovery of Achilles tendon defects in a rat model.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Differences in the cross-sectional area along the ankle tendons with both age and sex.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tendons play a critical role in the transmission of forces between muscles and bones, and chronic tendon injuries and diseases are among the leading causes of musculoskeletal disability. Little is known about sex-based differences in tendon structure and function. Our objective was to evaluate the mechanical properties, biochemical composition, transcriptome, and cellular activity of plantarflexor tendons from 4 month old male and female C57BL/6 mice using in vitro biomechanics, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, genome-wide expression profiling, and cell culture techniques. While the Achilles tendons of male mice were approximately 6% larger than female mice (p < 0.05), the cell density of female mice was around 19% greater than males (p < 0.05). No significant differences in mechanical properties (p > 0.05) of plantaris tendons were observed. Mass spectrometry proteomics analysis revealed no significant difference between sexes in the abundance of major extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen types I (p = 0.30) and III (p = 0.68), but female mice had approximately twofold elevations (p < 0.05) in less abundant ECM proteins such as fibronectin, periostin, and tenascin C. The transcriptome of male and female tendons differed by only 1%. In vitro, neither the sex of the serum that fibroblasts were cultured in, nor the sex of the ECM in which they were embedded, had profound effects on the expression of collagen and cell proliferation genes. Our results indicate that while male mice expectedly had larger tendons, male and female tendons have very similar mechanical properties and biochemical composition, with small increases in some ECM proteins and proteoglycans evident in female tendons. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2117-2126, 2017.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.