ArticleScientific reports2017
Determining the relative contribution of retinal disparity and blur cues to ocular accommodation in Down syndrome.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and Etiology of Strabismus in Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with a Focus on Ethnic Differences in the Esotropia/Exotropia Ratio.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- One-year effects of bifocal and unifocal glasses on executive functions in children with Down syndrome in a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Bifocals reduce strabismus in children with Down syndrome: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial.Acta ophthalmologica · 2020Trial
- Effects of bifocals on visual acuity in children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.Acta ophthalmologica · 2019Trial
- The Measurement and Clinical Implications of the CA/C Ratio in Binocular Vision: A Literature Review.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2026Review
- Vision Impairments in Young Adults with Down Syndrome.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Accuracy and stability of accommodation and vergence responses during sustained near tasks in uncorrected hyperopes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Ophthalmic Manifestations of Down Syndrome.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Neuro-Ophthalmological Manifestations in Children with Down Syndrome: Current Perspectives.Eye and brain · 2021Review
- Down syndrome: a review of ocular manifestations.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) often exhibit hypoaccommodation alongside accurate vergence. This study investigates the sensitivity of the two systems to retinal disparity and blur cues, establishing the relationship between the two in terms of accommodative-convergence to accommodation (AC/A) and convergence-accommodation to convergence (CA/C) ratios. An objective photorefraction system measured accommodation and vergence under binocular conditions and when retinal disparity and blur cues were removed. Participants were aged 6-16 years (DS n = 41, controls n = 76). Measures were obtained from 65.9% of participants with DS and 100% of controls. Accommodative and vergence responses were reduced with the removal of one or both cues in controls (p < 0.007). For participants with DS, removal of blur was less detrimental to accommodative responses than removal of disparity; accommodative responses being significantly better when all cues were available or when blur was removed in comparison to when proximity was the only available cue. AC/A ratios were larger and CA/C ratios smaller in participants with DS (p < 0.00001). This study demonstrates that retinal disparity is the main driver to both systems in DS and illustrates the diminished influence of retinal blur. High AC/A and low CA/C ratios in combination with disparity-driven responses suggest prioritisation of vergence over accurate accommodation.
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