ArticleHuman brain mapping2017
Role of testosterone and Y chromosome genes for the masculinization of the human brain.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Brain charts for neuroanatomical sex differences across the human lifespan.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- More similarity than difference: Comparison of within- and between-sex variance in early adolescent brain structure.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- More similarity than difference: comparison of within- and between-sex variance in early adolescent brain structure.Research square · 2024Article
- Androgen insensitivity syndrome: a review.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Review
- Prenatal androgen influences on the brain: A review, critique, and illustration of research on congenital adrenal hyperplasia.Journal of neuroscience research · 2023Review
- A Cross-Species Neuroimaging Study of Sex Chromosome Dosage Effects on Human and Mouse Brain Anatomy.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- The Roles of Androgens in Humans: Biology, Metabolic Regulation and Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Influence of gonadal steroids on cortical surface area in infancy.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2022Article
- Inter-Network Brain Functional Connectivity in Adolescents Assigned Female at Birth Who Experience Gender Dysphoria.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY: Endocrine disruption and reproductive disorders: impacts on sexually dimorphic neuroendocrine pathways.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2021Review
- Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Basic and Clinical Studies: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement.Endocrine reviews · 2021Article
- Contributions of Sex Chromosomes and Gonadal Hormones to the Male Bias in a Maternal Antibody-Induced Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Disorders/Differences of Sex Development Presenting in the Newborn With 46,XY Karyotype.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Review
- Effects of age, sex, and puberty on neural efficiency of cognitive and motor control in adolescents.Brain imaging and behavior · 2020Article
- Interactive effects of gender and sexual orientation on cortical thickness, surface area and gray matter volume: a structural brain MRI study.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2020Article
- Sexual differentiation of brain and other tissues: Five questions for the next 50 years.Hormones and behavior · 2020Review
- Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Physical Performance in Female Olympic Athletes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Lost in translational biology: Understanding sex differences to inform studies of diseases of the nervous system.Brain research · 2019Review
- High body mass index, brain metabolism and connectivity: an unfavorable effect in elderly females.Aging · 2019Article
- The digit ratio (2D:4D) and economic preferences: no robust associations in a sample of 330 women.Journal of the Economic Science Association · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) have a male (46,XY) karyotype but no functional androgen receptors. Their condition, therefore, offers a unique model for studying testosterone effects on cerebral sex dimorphism. We present MRI data from 16 women with CAIS and 32 male (46,XY) and 32 female (46,XX) controls.
methodsFreeSurfer software was employed to measure cortical thickness and subcortical structural volumes. Axonal connections, indexed by fractional anisotropy, (FA) were measured with diffusion tensor imaging, and functional connectivity with resting state fMRI.
resultsCompared to men, CAIS women displayed a "female" pattern by having thicker parietal and occipital cortices, lower FA values in the right corticospinal, superior and inferior longitudinal tracts, and corpus callosum. Their functional connectivity from the amygdala to the medial prefrontal cortex, was stronger and amygdala-connections to the motor cortex weaker than in control men. CAIS and control women also showed stronger posterior cingulate and precuneus connections in the default mode network. Thickness of the motor cortex, the caudate volume, and the FA in the callosal body followed, however, a "male" pattern.
conclusionAltogether, these data suggest that testosterone modulates the microstructure of somatosensory and visual cortices and their axonal connections to the frontal cortex. Testosterone also influenced functional connections from the amygdala, whereas the motor cortex could, in agreement with our previous reports, be moderated by processes linked to X-chromosome gene dosage. These data raise the question about other genetic factors masculinizing the human brain than the SRY gene and testosterone. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1801-1814, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.