ArticleDemography2017
Place and Child Health: The Interaction of Population Density and Sanitation in Developing Countries.
Article in Demography, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed.
- Governance, structure, and access: a Bayesian hierarchical analysis of water, sanitation, and hygiene in South Asia.Globalization and health · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic, institutional, environmental, and demographic determinants of population health in 90 developing countries: panel data evidence.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- To use financial incentives or not? Insights from experiments in encouraging sanitation investments in four countries.World development · 2025Article
- Geo-mapping of government healthcare facilities providing diagnostic laboratory services in Delhi, India: a pilot study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Deprivation and Its Association with Child Health and Nutrition in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area of Uganda.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Measuring spatial inequalities in maternal and child mortalities in Pakistan: evidence from geographically weighted regression.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Open Defecation, Livestock Ownership, and Child Nutritional Status in India.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Determinants of Open Defecation Among Rural Women in Ghana: Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys.Environmental health insights · 2024Article
- Growth in milk consumption and reductions in child stunting: Historical evidence from cross-country panel data.Food policy · 2023Article
- Social and financial incentives for overcoming a collective action problem.Journal of development economics · 2023Article
- Mothers' Social Status and Children's Health: Evidence From Joint Households in Rural India.Demography · 2022Article
- Mapping BCG vaccination coverage in Ethiopia between 2000 and 2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Risk factors of stunting and wasting in Somali pre-school age children: results from the 2019 Somalia micronutrient survey.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Elucidating the sustained decline in under-three child linear growth faltering in Nepal, 1996-2016.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Understanding drivers of stunting reduction in Nigeria from 2003 to 2018: a regression analysis.Food security · 2022Article
- Child Undernutrition following the Introduction of a Large-Scale Toilet Construction Campaign in India.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Observational
- Safely Managed On-Site Sanitation: A National Assessment of Sanitation Services and Potential Fecal Exposure in Indonesia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Water, sanitation, hygiene and waste disposal practices as COVID-19 response strategy: insights from Bangladesh.Environment, development and sustainability · 2021Article
- Associations between the household environment and stunted child growth in rural India: a cross-sectional analysis.UCL open. Environment · 2021Article
- Assessing high-profile public messaging for sanitation behaviour change: evidence from a mobile phone survey in India.Waterlines (London, England) · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
A long literature in demography has debated the importance of place for health, especially children's health. In this study, we assess whether the importance of dense settlement for infant mortality and child height is moderated by exposure to local sanitation behavior. Is open defecation (i.e., without a toilet or latrine) worse for infant mortality and child height where population density is greater? Is poor sanitation is an important mechanism by which population density influences child health outcomes? We present two complementary analyses using newly assembled data sets, which represent two points in a trade-off between external and internal validity. First, we concentrate on external validity by studying infant mortality and child height in a large, international child-level data set of 172 Demographic and Health Surveys, matched to census population density data for 1,800 subnational regions. Second, we concentrate on internal validity by studying child height in Bangladeshi districts, using a new data set constructed with GIS techniques that allows us to control for fixed effects at a high level of geographic resolution. We find a statistically robust and quantitatively comparable interaction between sanitation and population density with both approaches: open defecation externalities are more important for child health outcomes where people live more closely together.
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