ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2017
Charge-altering releasable transporters (CARTs) for the delivery and release of mRNA in living animals.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 277 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted delivery of mRNA to immune cells forDrug delivery · 2026Review
- Current landscape of clinical trials for mRNA-based therapeutics.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Structural evolution of ionizable lipids for nucleic acid delivery.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2026Review
- RNA delivery to the corneal endothelium using charge-altering releasable transporters.Science advances · 2026Article
- Stimulus-Responsive Polymeric Carriers for Gene Delivery: Balancing Endosomal Escape with Nucleic Acid Release.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
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- Tissue-specific gene delivery approaches.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- mRNA vaccines for viral diseases: mechanism, advances, and future perspective.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles-enhanced CAR-T cell therapy: current advances and future directions.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Synthesis and Assembly of a New-generation Bifunctional Lipid Nanoparticle for Selective Delivery of mRNA to Antigen Presenting Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Research Progress on Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive siRNA Nanocarriers: Design Strategies, Delivery Efficiency, and Future Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Circular RNAs: from transcriptional noise to engineered therapeutics.Frontiers in epigenetics and epigenomics · 2026Review
- Article
- NKp30 and NKG2D contribute to natural killer cell-mediated recognition of HIV-infected cells.iScience · 2025Article
- Discrete Immolative Guanidinium Transporters deliver mRNA to specific organs and red blood cells.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Next-generation materials for nucleic acid delivery.Nature reviews. Materials · 2025Article
- Functional Polyesters: Tailoring Structure and Biomedical Functions.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Recent strategies for enhanced delivery of mRNA to the lungs.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Advancing Natural Killer Cell Therapy: Genetic Engineering Strategies for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2025Review
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Functional delivery of mRNA to tissues in the body is key to implementing fundamentally new and potentially transformative strategies for vaccination, protein replacement therapy, and genome editing, collectively affecting approaches for the prevention, detection, and treatment of disease. Broadly applicable tools for the efficient delivery of mRNA into cultured cells would advance many areas of research, and effective and safe in vivo mRNA delivery could fundamentally transform clinical practice. Here we report the step-economical synthesis and evaluation of a tunable and effective class of synthetic biodegradable materials: charge-altering releasable transporters (CARTs) for mRNA delivery into cells. CARTs are structurally unique and operate through an unprecedented mechanism, serving initially as oligo(α-amino ester) cations that complex, protect, and deliver mRNA and then change physical properties through a degradative, charge-neutralizing intramolecular rearrangement, leading to intracellular release of functional mRNA and highly efficient protein translation. With demonstrated utility in both cultured cells and animals, this mRNA delivery technology should be broadly applicable to numerous research and therapeutic applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.