ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2017
Complex Subtype Diversity of HIV-1 Among Drug Users in Major Kenyan Cities.
Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- BeyondFrontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Unique genetic signatures in HIV-1 subtype A1 and A1D recombinant envelope glycoprotein distinguish contemporary transmitted/founder viruses from historical strains in East Africa.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Rising role of 3D-printing in delivery of therapeutics for infectious disease.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Review
- Partial compartmentalisation of HIV-1 subtype C between lymph nodes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma.Virology · 2023Article
- HIV-1 Transmission Cluster in Injection Drug Users in Nairobi City, Kenya.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Quantifying rates of HIV-1 flow between risk groups and geographic locations in Kenya: A country-wide phylogenetic study.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- Article
- HIV-1 Transmission Patterns Within and Between Risk Groups in Coastal Kenya.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Drug users are increasingly recognized as a key population driving human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spread in sub-Saharan Africa. To determine HIV-1 subtypes circulating in this population group and explore possible geographic differences, we analyzed HIV-1 sequences among drug users from Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu in Kenya. We sequenced gag and env from 55 drug users. Subtype analysis from 220 gag clonal sequences from 54 of 55 participants (median = 4/participant) showed that 44.4% were A, 16.7% were C, 3.7% were D, and 35.2% were intersubtype recombinants. Of 156 env clonal sequences from 48 of 55 subjects (median = 3/participant), 45.8% were subtype A, 14.6% were C, 6.3% were D, and 33.3% were recombinants. Comparative analysis of both genes showed that 30 (63.8%) participants had concordant subtypes, while 17 (36.2%) were discordant. We identified one genetically linked transmission pair and two cases of dual infection. These data are indicative of extensive HIV-1 intersubtype recombination in Kenya and suggest decline in subtype D prevalence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.