ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2016
Sodium and Its Role in Cardiovascular Disease - The Debate Continues.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary salt intake and cardiovascular outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses and dose-response evidence.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of dietary intervention on diabetic nephropathy: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of a sodium restriction diet on albuminuria and blood pressure in diabetic kidney disease patients: a meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2022Pooled it
- Sodium status is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.European journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Renal effects of a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, tofogliflozin, in relation to sodium intake and glycaemic status.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2019Trial
- Genetic architecture of basal heart rate and its modulation by dietary salt in Drosophila melanogaster.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Correlation of admission sodium levels with 28-Day and 1-year mortality in STEMI patients undergoing emergency PCI.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Association of triglyceride glucose-body mass index and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with IgA nephropathy: a retrospective study.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Innovative salt replacement for green Spanish-style olives using potassium, calcium, and magnesium chlorides during packaging.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Bioaccessibility of Mineral Nutrients in Plain Green Spanish-Style Manzanilla Table Olives Packaged in Nutrient Salt Mixtures.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pitfalls in Developing Machine Learning Models for Predicting Cardiovascular Diseases: Challenge and Solutions.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- The Key Role of Nutritional Intervention in Delaying Disease Progression and the Therapeutic Management of Diabetic Kidney Disease-A Challenge for Physicians and Patients.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Metals on the Menu-Analyzing the Presence, Importance, and Consequences.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Sodium Intake and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Predominantly Low-Income Black and White US Residents.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Compositional analysis of Swertia chirayita medicinal plant using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and ICP-MS.PloS one · 2024Article
- Assessment of 24 h Sodium and Potassium Urinary Excretion in Normotensive and Hypertensive Dominican Adults.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Brain nuclear receptors and cardiovascular function.Cell & bioscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Guidelines have recommended significant reductions in dietary sodium intake to improve cardiovascular health. However, these dietary sodium intake recommendations have been questioned as emerging evidence has shown that there is a higher risk of cardiovascular disease with a low sodium diet, including in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This may be related to the other pleotropic effects of dietary sodium intake. Therefore, despite recent review of dietary sodium intake guidelines by multiple organizations, including the dietary guidelines for Americans, American Diabetes Association, and American Heart Association, concerns about the impact of the degree of sodium restriction on cardiovascular health continue to be raised. This literature review examines the effects of dietary sodium intake on factors contributing to cardiovascular health, including left ventricular hypertrophy, heart rate, albuminuria, rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, serum lipids, insulin sensitivity, sympathetic nervous system activation, endothelial function, and immune function. In the last part of this review, the association between dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular outcomes, especially in individuals with diabetes, is explored. Given the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with diabetes and the increasing incidence of diabetes worldwide, this review is important in summarizing the recent evidence regarding the effects of dietary sodium intake on cardiovascular health, especially in this population.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.