ArticleChemosphere2017
Fibrillar vs crystalline nanocellulose pulmonary epithelial cell responses: Cytotoxicity or inflammation?
Article in Chemosphere, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Overview of Solid Particles and Their Host Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Pooled it
- Current Paradigms and Future Challenges in Harnessing Nanocellulose for Advanced Applications in Tissue Engineering: A Critical State-of-the-Art Review for Biomedicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A 28-Day Repeated Oral Administration Study of Mechanically Fibrillated Cellulose Nanofibers According to OECD TG407.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Toxicological Characteristics of Bacterial Nanocellulose in an In Vivo Experiment-Part 1: The Systemic Effects.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Effects of Chitin Nanofibrils Isolated from Fungi.Biomacromolecules · 2023Article
- Assessing the Genotoxicity of Cellulose Nanomaterials in a Co-Culture of Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Insight into the Latest Medical Applications of Nanocellulose.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Fundamental Role of Lipids in Polymeric Nanoparticles: Dermal Delivery and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cannabidiol.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- High aspect ratio nanomaterial-induced macrophage polarization is mediated by changes in miRNA levels.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Agarose/crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) composites promote bone marrow-derived mast cell integrity, degranulation and receptor expression but inhibit production ofFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Potential issues specific to cytotoxicity tests of cellulose nanofibrils.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2023Review
- Analysis of the In Vitro Toxicity of Nanocelluloses in Human Lung Cells as Compared to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Genotoxicity of Three Micro/Nanocelluloses with Different Physicochemical Characteristics in MG-63 and V79 Cells.Journal of xenobiotics · 2022Article
- Surface functionalization and size modulate the formation of reactive oxygen species and genotoxic effects of cellulose nanofibrils.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2022Article
- Nanocelluloses - Nanotoxicology, Safety Aspects and 3D Bioprinting.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Review
- Nanocellulose Length Determines the Differential Cytotoxic Effects and Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages and Hepatocytes.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2021Article
- Effects of ingested nanocellulose and nanochitosan materials on carbohydrate digestion and absorption in an in vitro small intestinal epithelium model.Environmental science. Nano · 2021Article
- Advanced Functional Materials Based on Nanocellulose for Pharmaceutical/Medical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Recent Progress on Cellulose-Based Ionic Compounds for Biomaterials.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2021Review
- Role of Surface Chemistry in the In Vitro Lung Response to Nanofibrillated Cellulose.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) is emerging as a highly promising nanomaterial for a wide range of applications. Moreover, many types of NC are produced, each exhibiting a slightly different shape, size, and chemistry. The main objective of this study was to compare cytotoxic effects of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NCF). The human lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed for 24 h and 72 h to five different NC particles to determine how variations in properties contribute to cellular outcomes, including cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cytokine secretion. Our results showed that NCF were more toxic compared to CNC particles with respect to cytotoxicity and oxidative stress responses. However, exposure to CNC caused an inflammatory response with significantly elevated inflammatory cytokines/chemokines compared to NCF. Interestingly, cellulose staining indicated that CNC particles, but not NCF, were taken up by the cells. Furthermore, clustering analysis of the inflammatory cytokines revealed a similarity of NCF to the carbon nanofibers response and CNC to the chitin, a known immune modulator and innate cell activator. Taken together, the present study has revealed distinct differences between fibrillar and crystalline nanocellulose and demonstrated that physicochemical properties of NC are critical in determining their toxicity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.