ArticlePloS one2017
HIV Infection Is Associated with Increased Fatty Infiltration of the Thigh Muscle with Aging Independent of Fat Distribution.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- No evidence of pitavastatin effect on muscle area or density among people with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2025 · on this mapTrial
- The association between HIV infection, disability and lifestyle activity among middle-aged and older adults: an analytical cross-sectional study in Ivory Coast (the VIRAGE study).BMC public health · 2024Trial
- Physical Function Impairment and Frailty in Middle-Aged People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the REPRIEVE Trial Ancillary Study PREPARE.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- The Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Analogue, Tesamorelin, Decreases Muscle Fat and Increases Muscle Area in Adults with HIV.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2019Trial
- Antiretroviral initiation is associated with increased skeletal muscle area and fat content.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Tesamorelin as an Adjunct to Exercise for Improving Physical Function in HIV (TRIUMPH): a clinical trial protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Density of ectopic fat depots predict distinct biomarkers of glycemic and insulinemic status in persons with HIV.Nutrition & diabetes · 2025Article
- Current Challenges, Solutions, and Novel Directions in Research and Clinical Care: Proceedings From the 14th Annual International Workshop on HIV and Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Muscle Quality and Physical Function in Men With and Without HIV.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Cardiometabolic Characteristics of Obesity Phenotypes in Persons With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- The use of non-invasive imaging modalities for the assessment of skeletal muscle quantity and quality in people with HIV: A narrative review.HIV medicine · 2023Review
- Frailty in older people living with HIV: current status and clinical management.BMC geriatrics · 2022Review
- Differences in Muscle Quantity and Quality by HIV Serostatus and Sex.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2022Article
- Urine Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA as a Marker of Weight Loss and Body Composition in Older Adults With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2021Article
- Review
- Pathophysiological Consequences of At-Risk Alcohol Use; Implications for Comorbidity Risk in Persons Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Prevalence of Insulin Resistance in Adults Living with HIV: Implications of Alcohol Use.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2020Article
- HIV and antiretroviral therapy-related fat alterations.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2020Review
- Application of Selected Muscle Strength and Body Mass Cut Points for the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Men and Women With or at Risk for HIV Infection.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLower muscle density on computed tomography (CT) provides a measure of fatty infiltration of muscle, an aspect of muscle quality that has been associated with metabolic abnormalities, weakness, decreased mobility, and increased fracture risk in older adults. We assessed the cross-sectional relationship between HIV serostatus, age, thigh muscle attenuation, and thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA).
methodsMean CT-quantified Hounsfield units (HU) of the thigh muscle bundle and CSA were evaluated in 368 HIV-infected and 145 HIV-uninfected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Cardiovascular Substudy using multivariable linear regression. Models all were adjusted for HIV serostatus, age, race, and body mass index (BMI); each model was further adjusted for covariates that differed by HIV serostatus, including insulin resistance, hepatitis C, malignancy, smoking, alcohol use, and self-reported limitation in physical activity.
resultsHIV-infected men had greater thigh muscle CSA (p<0.001) but lower muscle density (p<0.001) compared to HIV-uninfected men. Muscle density remained lower in HIV-infected men (p = 0.001) when abdominal visceral adiposity, and thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue area were substituted for BMI in a multivariable model. Muscle density decreased by 0.16 HU per year (p<0.001) of increasing age among the HIV-infected men, but not in the HIV-uninfected men (HIV x age interaction -0.20 HU; p = 0.002).
conclusionHIV-infected men had lower thigh muscle density compared to HIV-uninfected men, and a more pronounced decline with increasing age, indicative of greater fatty infiltration. These findings suggest that lower muscle quality among HIV-infected persons may be a risk factor for impairments in physical function with aging.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.