ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2017
Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Salmonella Typhi Isolated in Thailand before and after the Introduction of a National Immunization Program.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- High prevalence of multi-drug resistant H58 Salmonella Typhi and emerging fluoroquinolone resistance among febrile children in Nairobi County, Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Genotypic Diversity amongInternational journal of clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Genomic Investigation ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Article
- The international and intercontinental spread and expansion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella Typhi: a genomic epidemiology study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2022Article
- Whole genome sequence analysis of Salmonella Typhi provides evidence of phylogenetic linkage between cases of typhoid fever in Santiago, Chile in the 1980s and 2010-2016.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Genomic Investigation Reveals a Community Typhoid Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Drinking Water in China, 2016.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis ofMicroorganisms · 2021Review
- Perceived utility and feasibility of pathogen genomics for public health practice: a survey among public health professionals working in the field of infectious diseases, Belgium, 2019.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Reviving the "Moore Swab": a Classic Environmental Surveillance Tool Involving Filtration of Flowing Surface Water and Sewage Water To Recover TyphoidalApplied and environmental microbiology · 2020Review
- Typhoid in Laos: An 18-Year Perspective.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Informal genomic surveillance of regional distribution of Salmonella Typhi genotypes and antimicrobial resistance via returning travellers.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Status and potential of bacterial genomics for public health practice: a scoping review.Implementation science : IS · 2019Article
- Childhood Diarrhoea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region with Special Emphasis on Non-Typhoidal Salmonella at the Human⁻Food Interface.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Article
- TyphoidalThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
- Typhoid Fever: Way Forward.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccines against Salmonella Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, are commonly used by travellers, however, there are few examples of national immunization programs in endemic areas. There is therefore a paucity of data on the impact of typhoid immunization programs on localised populations of S. Typhi. Here we have used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to characterise 44 historical bacterial isolates collected before and after a national typhoid immunization program that was implemented in Thailand in 1977 in response to a large outbreak; the program was highly effective in reducing typhoid case numbers. Thai isolates were highly diverse, including 10 distinct phylogenetic lineages or genotypes. Novel prophage and plasmids were also detected, including examples that were previously only reported in Shigella sonnei and Escherichia coli. The majority of S. Typhi genotypes observed prior to the immunization program were not observed following it. Post-vaccine era isolates were more closely related to S. Typhi isolated from neighbouring countries than to earlier Thai isolates, providing no evidence for the local persistence of endemic S. Typhi following the national immunization program. Rather, later cases of typhoid appeared to be caused by the occasional importation of common genotypes from neighbouring Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. These data show the value of WGS in understanding the impacts of vaccination on pathogen populations and provide support for the proposal that large-scale typhoid immunization programs in endemic areas could result in lasting local disease elimination, although larger prospective studies are needed to test this directly.
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Registered trials
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