SynthesisAIDS (London, England)2017
Drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and antiretrovirals.
Synthesis in AIDS (London, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Update to U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016: Updated Recommendations for the Use of Contraception Among Women at High Risk for HIV Infection.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2020Guideline
- A systematic review of contraceptive continuation among women living with HIV.Contraception · 2018Pooled it
- Drug interactions between rifamycin antibiotics and hormonal contraception: a systematic review.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2018Pooled it
- Brief Report: Hormonal Contraception Use and Cabotegravir Pharmacokinetics in HIV-Uninfected Women Enrolled in HPTN 077.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Trial
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate concentrations among HIV-infected depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate users receiving antiretroviral therapy in Lilongwe, Malawi.Contraception · 2019Trial
- Cardiovascular Safety of Hormonal Contraception: Method-Specific Risks and Clinical Implications.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Community-based family planning resources and modern contraceptive use among young women living with HIV in semi-rural northern Uganda: a mixed-method study.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Unmet patient needs and information gaps in fertility counseling for persons living with HIV/AIDS: Evidence from Ghana.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- A drug-drug interaction study to evaluate the effects of strong CYP3A4 inducer on the pharmacokinetics of segesterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol in a contraceptive vaginal system.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2025Article
- Endocrine issues in critically ill transgender patients: A narrative review.World journal of critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Are We Considering All the Potential Drug-Drug Interactions in Women's Reproductive Health? A Predictive Model Approach.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Associations Between Doravirine-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy and Injectable and Implantable Hormonal Contraceptive Methods Among Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Review
- Update on HIV prevention and management in pregnancy Number 10 - 2025.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2025Article
- Challenges, risks, and opportunities of antiretroviral drugs in women of reproductive potential.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2024Review
- Article
- Oestradiol concentrations in trans women with HIV suppressed on unboosted integrase inhibitor regimens versus trans women without HIV taking oral oestradiol: a pilot study.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Equipping providers to offer novel MPTs: Developing counseling messages for the Dual Prevention Pill in clinical studies and beyond.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Review
- Intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate accentuates bone loss associated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing antiretroviral therapy initiation in young women living with HIV (the BONE: CARE study): a prospective cohort study in Uganda.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Article
- Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between the HIV-1 maturation inhibitor GSK3640254 and combination oral contraceptives in healthy women.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo summarize published evidence on drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and antiretrovirals.
designSystematic review of the published literature.
methodsWe searched PubMed, POPLINE, and EMBASE for peer-reviewed publications of studies (in any language) from inception to 21 September 2015. We included studies of women using hormonal contraceptives and antiretrovirals concurrently. Outcomes of interest were effectiveness of either therapy, toxicity, or pharmacokinetics. We used standard abstraction forms to summarize and assess strengths and weaknesses.
resultsFifty reports from 46 studies were included. Most antiretrovirals whether used for therapy or prevention, have limited interactions with hormonal contraceptive methods, with the exception of efavirenz. Although depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is not affected, limited data on implants and combined oral contraceptive pills suggest that efavirenz-containing combination antiretroviral therapy may compromise contraceptive effectiveness of these methods. However, implants remain very effective despite such drug interactions. Antiretroviral plasma concentrations and effectiveness are generally not affected by hormonal contraceptives.
conclusionWomen taking antiretrovirals, for treatment or prevention, should not be denied access to the full range of hormonal contraceptive options, but should be counseled on the expected rates of unplanned pregnancy associated with all contraceptive methods, in order to make their own informed choices.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.