ArticleScientific reports2017
Predictive screening of M1 and M2 macrophages reveals the immunomodulatory effectiveness of post spinal cord injury azithromycin treatment.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polarization of tumor-infiltrating macrophages predicts complete response to neoadjuvant treatment in patients with rectal cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Corneal macrophages and limbal stem cells: emerging roles in ocular surface regeneration.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Repurposing antimicrobial agents for neuroprotection: Mechanisms, clinical potential, and challenges.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Review
- Article
- Postnatal Azithromycin Is Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory in a Piglet Model of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.Stroke · 2026Article
- Synergistic Effects of Erythromycin and Budesonide on the Mitigation of Tracheal Stenosis Associated With Macrophage Phenotype Alteration and HDAC2 Upregulation.Canadian respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Cryogel scaffolds for localised delivery of lipopolysaccharide in organotypic spinal cord slice cultures: A novelMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits M1 macrophages-induced IGFBP2-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition to alleviate myocardial fibrosis in mice with chronic heart failure.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2025Article
- Redefining macrophage phenotypes after spinal cord injury: An open data approach.Experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Mineral coated microparticles delivering Interleukin-4, Interleukin-10, and Interleukin-13 reduce inflammation and improve function after spinal cord injury in a rat.Experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Glial Modulator Antibiotics for Neuropathic Pain: Current Insights and Future Directions.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- α-Gal Nanoparticles in CNS Trauma: I. In Vitro Activation of Microglia Towards a Pro-Healing State.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2024Article
- Inhibition of CD44 suppresses the formation of fibrotic scar after spinal cord injury via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.iScience · 2024Article
- Adaptor molecules mediate negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory pathways: a closer look.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury repair and the possible role of microRNAs: A review.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Immunopathology of Extracellular Vesicles in Macrophage and Glioma Cross-Talk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Potential treatments of COVID-19: Drug repurposing and therapeutic interventions.Journal of pharmacological sciences · 2023Review
- Modulating neuroinflammation through molecular, cellular and biomaterial-based approaches to treat spinal cord injury.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Review
- Clinical Trials Targeting Secondary Damage after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Tumor-associated macrophages: an effective player of the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a heterogeneous macrophage response that when experimentally polarized toward alternative forms of activation (M2 macrophages) promotes tissue and functional recovery. There are limited pharmacological therapies that can drive this reparative inflammatory state. In the current study, we used in vitro systems to comprehensively defined markers of macrophages with known pathological (M1) and reparative (M2) properties in SCI. We then used these markers to objectively define the macrophage activation states after SCI in response to delayed azithromycin treatment. Mice were subjected to moderate-severe thoracic contusion SCI. Azithromycin or vehicle was administered beginning 30 minutes post-SCI and then daily for 3 or 7 days post injury (dpi). We detected a dose-dependent polarization toward purportedly protective M2 macrophages with daily AZM treatment. Specifically, AZM doses of 10, 40, or 160 mg/kg decreased M1 macrophage gene expression at 3 dpi while the lowest (10 mg/kg) and highest (160 mg/kg) doses increased M2 macrophage gene expression at 7 dpi. Azithromycin has documented immunomodulatory properties and is commonly prescribed to treat infections in SCI individuals. This work demonstrates the utility of objective, comprehensive macrophage gene profiling for evaluating immunomodulatory SCI therapies and highlights azithromycin as a promising agent for SCI treatment.
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