ArticleVaccine2017
Nanoparticles decorated with viral antigens are more immunogenic at low surface density.
Article in Vaccine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Memory B cell development in response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 and nanoparticle immunization in mice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Concerns and challenges in clinics-guided nanovaccines design and applications.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Precision Nanovaccines for Potent Vaccination.JACS Au · 2024Review
- Article
- Modeling the kinetics of lymph node retention and exposure of a cargo protein delivered by biotin-functionalized nanoparticles.Acta biomaterialia · 2023Article
- Hemagglutinin Functionalized Liposomal Vaccines Enhance Germinal Center and Follicular Helper T Cell Immunity.Advanced healthcare materials · 2021Article
- Nano-based approaches in the development of antiviral agents and vaccines.Life sciences · 2021Review
- Immunopotentiation by Lymph-Node Targeting of a Malaria Transmission-Blocking Nanovaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Leveraging the modularity of biomaterial carriers to tune immune responses.Advanced functional materials · 2020Article
- Advantages and Prospects of Tag/Catcher Mediated Antigen Display on Capsid-Like Particle-Based Vaccines.Viruses · 2020Review
- Protein Vaccination Directs the CD4Journal of virology · 2019Article
- A Novel Vaccine Strategy to Overcome Poor Immunogenicity of Avian Influenza Vaccines through Mobilization of Memory CD4 T Cells Established by Seasonal Influenza.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- Article
- Influences of nanocarrier morphology on therapeutic immunomodulation.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2018Article
- Lipid-Based Particles: Versatile Delivery Systems for Mucosal Vaccination against Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Display of the HIV envelope protein at the yeast cell surface for immunogen development.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop protective vaccines for high priority viral pathogens. One approach known to enhance immune responses to viral proteins is to display them on a nanoparticle (NP) scaffold. However, little is known about the effect of protein density on the B cell response to antigens displayed on NPs. To address this question HIV-1 Envelope (Env) and influenza hemagglutinin (HA) were displayed on a polystyrene-based NP scaffold at various densities - corresponding to mean antigen distances that span the range encountered on naturally occurring virions. Our studies revealed that NPs displaying lower densities of Env or HA more efficiently stimulated antigen-specific B cells in vitro, as measured by calcium flux, than did NPs displaying higher antigen densities. Similarly, NPs displaying a low density of Env or HA also elicited higher titers of antigen-specific serum IgG in immunized BALB/c mice (including elevated titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies), as well as an increased frequency of antigen-specific antibody secreting cells in the lymph node, spleen and bone marrow. Importantly, our studies showed that the enhanced B cell response elicited by the lower density NPs is likely secondary to more efficient development of follicular helper CD4 T cells and germinal center B cells. These findings demonstrate that the density of antigen on a NP scaffold is a critical determinant of the humoral immune response elicited, and that high density display does not always result in an optimal response.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.