SynthesisImplementation science : IS2017
Combined use of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF): a systematic review.
Synthesis in Implementation science : IS, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 227 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Identifying Opportunities for Prevention of Adverse Outcomes Following Female Genital
Remote Self-Reporting of Symptoms by Patients With Palliative Care Needs (RELIEF): A Mixed-Methods Implementation Study
Who cites it
227 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Barriers and facilitators to population participation in colorectal cancer screening: an umbrella review.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- Reported use of implementation science theories, models, and frameworks in 151 implementation trials: secondary analysis of a systematic review targeting nursing practice.Translational behavioral medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Understanding factors impacting patient-reported outcome measures integration in routine clinical practice: an umbrella review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Pooled it
- Determinants of Exposure Therapy Implementation in Clinical Practice for the Treatment of Anxiety, OCD, and PTSD: A Systematic Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2024Pooled it
- Supporting translation of research evidence into practice-the use of Normalisation Process Theory to assess and inform implementation within randomised controlled trials: a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2023Pooled it
- Barriers to and facilitators of the use of oxygen therapy in people living with an interstitial lung disease: a systematic review of qualitative evidence.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- We need to build the evidence: A systematic review of psychological first aid on mental health and well-being.Journal of traumatic stress · 2023Pooled it
- Barriers and facilitators to implementation of evidence-based task-sharing mental health interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review using implementation science frameworks.Implementation science : IS · 2022Pooled it
- Experiences of general practice teams and their patients with clinical research-a mixed-methods process evaluation of the Bavarian Research Practice Network (BayFoNet).BMC primary care · 2025Trial
- Pre-implementation planning for a sepsis intervention in a large learning health system: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2024Trial
- Implementation of Coach McLungsBMC medical informatics and decision making · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Implementing mHealth Interventions in a Resource-Constrained Setting: Case Study From Uganda.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2020Trial
- Codesigning a pharmacist-led transition of care program in the emergency department: a qualitative participatory study.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Theories, models, and frameworks in implementation science in the context of rehabilitation research: a scoping review.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- Logistic challenges in implementing a multispecialty robotic surgery program at university hospitals.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Effectiveness, mechanisms, implementation, and cost-offset of an intersectoral prevention program targeting youth mental health difficulties: the STIME study protocol.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Identifying Contextual Barriers and Potential Solutions to Improving Hypertension Management in Rural Communities in the United States: Qualitative Study From 2 North Carolina Counties.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Barriers and enablers to cognitive assessment in Parkinson's disease: A qualitative contextual inquiry.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Moving Forward Together: A Protocol to Co-Adapt and Scale a Videoconference-Delivered Physical Activity Intervention for Children and Adolescents Diagnosed With Cancer or Blood Disorders in British Columbia, Ontario, and the Maritime Provinces.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
167 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOver 60 implementation frameworks exist. Using multiple frameworks may help researchers to address multiple study purposes, levels, and degrees of theoretical heritage and operationalizability; however, using multiple frameworks may result in unnecessary complexity and redundancy if doing so does not address study needs. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) are both well-operationalized, multi-level implementation determinant frameworks derived from theory. As such, the rationale for using the frameworks in combination (i.e., CFIR + TDF) is unclear. The objective of this systematic review was to elucidate the rationale for using CFIR + TDF by (1) describing studies that have used CFIR + TDF, (2) how they used CFIR + TDF, and (2) their stated rationale for using CFIR + TDF.
methodsWe undertook a systematic review to identify studies that mentioned both the CFIR and the TDF, were written in English, were peer-reviewed, and reported either a protocol or results of an empirical study in MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, or Google Scholar. We then abstracted data into a matrix and analyzed it qualitatively, identifying salient themes.
findingsWe identified five protocols and seven completed studies that used CFIR + TDF. CFIR + TDF was applied to studies in several countries, to a range of healthcare interventions, and at multiple intervention phases; used many designs, methods, and units of analysis; and assessed a variety of outcomes. Three studies indicated that using CFIR + TDF addressed multiple study purposes. Six studies indicated that using CFIR + TDF addressed multiple conceptual levels. Four studies did not explicitly state their rationale for using CFIR + TDF.
conclusionsDifferences in the purposes that authors of the CFIR (e.g., comprehensive set of implementation determinants) and the TDF (e.g., intervention development) propose help to justify the use of CFIR + TDF. Given that the CFIR and the TDF are both multi-level frameworks, the rationale that using CFIR + TDF is needed to address multiple conceptual levels may reflect potentially misleading conventional wisdom. On the other hand, using CFIR + TDF may more fully define the multi-level nature of implementation. To avoid concerns about unnecessary complexity and redundancy, scholars who use CFIR + TDF and combinations of other frameworks should specify how the frameworks contribute to their study.
trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42015027615.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.