Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28057047›Full record

ArticleBMC research notes2017

Effect of an educational intervention on knowledge and attitude regarding pharmacovigilance and consumer pharmacovigilance among community pharmacists in Lalitpur district, Nepal.

Nisha Jha, Devendra Singh Rathore, Pathiyil Ravi Shankar, Shital Bhandary, Rabi Bushan Pandit, Sudesh Gyawali, Mohamed Alshakka

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC research notes, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. An Educational Intervention to Strengthen Community Pharmacy Practice in Nepal.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Nisha JhaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal. nishajha32@gmail.com.
Devendra Singh RathoreDepartment of Pharmacy, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Pathiyil Ravi ShankarDepartment of Pharmacology, Xavier University of School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba.
Shital BhandaryDepartment of Community Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Rabi Bushan PanditKIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Sudesh GyawaliDepartment of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal.
Mohamed AlshakkaDepartment of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden, Yemen.
KIST Medical College · NPManipal College of Medical Sciences · NPNIMS University · INPatan Academy of Health Sciences · NPUniversity of Aden · YEUniversity of Aruba · AW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPharmacovigilance activities are in a developing stage in Nepal. ADR reporting is mainly confined to healthcare professionals working in institutions recognized as regional pharmacovigilance centers. Community pharmacists could play an important role in pharmacovigilance. This study was conducted among community pharmacists in Lalitpur district to examine their knowledge and attitude about pharmacovigilance before and after an educational intervention.

methodsKnowledge and attitude was studied before, immediately after and 6 weeks following the intervention among 75 community pharmacists. Responses were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A pretested questionnaire having twelve and nine statements for assessing knowledge and attitude were used. The overall scores were obtained by adding the 'knowledge' and 'attitude' scores and 'overall' scores were summarized using median and interquartile range. Wilcoxon signed-rank test for repeated samples was used to compare the differences between knowledge and attitude of the pharmacists before and after the educational program.

resultsKnowledge scores [median (interquartile range)] improved significantly between pre-test [39 (44-46)], post-test [44 (44-44)] and retention period of 6 weeks after the intervention [46 (43-46)]. Knowledge score improved immediately post-intervention among both males [44 (41-47)] and females [44 (43-45)] but the retention scores (after 6 weeks) were higher [46 (42-48)] among males. Attitude scores improved significantly among females [46 (44-48)]. The overall scores were higher among pharmacists from rural areas.

conclusionKnowledge and attitude scores improved after the educational intervention. Further studies in other regions of the country are required. The national pharmacovigilance center should promote awareness about ADR reporting among community pharmacists.

Indexed as

Education, PharmacyHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticePharmacovigilanceAdolescentAdultAdverse Drug Reaction Reporting SystemsCross-Sectional StudiesDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsFemaleHumansMaleNepalPharmaciesPharmacistsSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultAdverse drug reactionCommunity pharmacistsNepalPharmacovigilanceReporting systems

Identifiers

PMID28057047
PMCPMC5217211
OpenAlexW2569608983

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.