ArticleCancer epidemiology2017
Proton pump inhibitors on pancreatic cancer risk and survival.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using proton pump inhibitors increases the risk of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Acid-suppressive agents and survival outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of clinical oncology · 2021Pooled it
- The association between acid-suppressive agent use and the risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Use of proton pump inhibitors and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2019Pooled it
- Alterations in the Duodenal Fluid Microbiome of Patients With Pancreatic Cancer.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2022Trial
- The ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids mediating the effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease on pancreatic cancer risk: a two-step mediation Mendelian randomisation study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Pancreatic cancer risk prediction using deep sequential modeling of longitudinal diagnostic and medication records.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the genetic link between gastroesophageal reflux disease and pancreatic cancer: insights from Mendelian randomization.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Can AI Be Useful in the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with New-Onset Diabetes?Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Duodenal and pancreatic tissue microbiome profiles of PPI users and non-users.Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.] · 2024Article
- Long-Term Administration of Omeprazole-Induced Hypergastrinemia and Changed Glucose Homeostasis and Expression of Metabolism-Related Genes.BioMed research international · 2024Article
- Maintenance Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Associated with Increased All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Sweden.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
- Adverse Effects Associated with Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors.Chonnam medical journal · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
- Drug-drug interactions with proton pump inhibitors in cancer patients: an underrecognized cause of treatment failure.ESMO open · 2023Review
- Article
- Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Nationwide Case-Control Study Based on the French National Health Data System (SNDS).Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors and Cancer: Current State of Play.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Proton pump inhibitors and survival in patients with colorectal cancer: a Swedish population-based cohort study.British journal of cancer · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHypergastrinemia may promote the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy is known to cause hypergastrinemia. We sought to determine the association between PPI therapy and the risk of developing pancreatic cancer as well as survival following pancreatic cancer diagnosis.
methodsWe conducted a nested case-control study and a retrospective cohort study in The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a medical records database representative of the UK population. In the case-control study, each patient with incident pancreatic cancer was matched with up to four controls based on age, sex, practice site and both duration and calendar time of follow-up using incidence density sampling. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pancreatic cancer risk associated with PPI use were estimated using multivariable conditional logistic regression. The retrospective cohort study compared the survival of pancreatic cancer patients according to their PPI exposure at the time of diagnosis. The effect of PPI use on pancreatic cancer survival was assessed using a multivariable Cox regression analysis.
resultsThe case-control study included 4113 cases and 16,072 matched controls. PPI use was more prevalent in cases than controls (53% vs. 26% active users). Adjusting for diabetes, smoking, alcohol use and BMI, PPI users including both former users and active users with longer cumulative PPI use had a higher risk of pancreatic cancer compared to non-users. When assessing survival following pancreatic cancer diagnosis, only short-term, active users had a modest decrease in survival.
conclusionsLong-term PPI therapy may be associated with pancreatic cancer risk. While PPI users recently started on treatment had a slightly worse survival, this result likely is from reverse causation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.