SynthesisPLoS neglected tropical diseases2017
A Systematic Review of the Incidence, Risk Factors and Case Fatality Rates of Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) Disease in Africa (1966 to 2014).
Synthesis in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Prevalence and distribution of non-typhoidalEpidemiology and infection · 2023Pooled it
- Complications and mortality of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Estimating case fatality risk of severe Yellow Fever cases: systematic literature review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Molecular epidemiology of fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a Trivalent Salmonella Conjugate Vaccine to S. Typhi, S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Longitudinal Clinical and Minimally Invasive Readouts Enable Early Assessment of Disease Trajectory in Preclinical Infection Models.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Critical Roles of O-Acetylation Revealed by Synthetic Trisaccharide Antigens for a Broad-Spectrum Anti-Salmonella Vaccine.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Invasive Non-typhoidalInfectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Pan genome clustering identifies a novel mosaic prophage specific to Salmonella Enteritidis lineage associated with the invasive disease in India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Public health data collected by PulseNet support a role forMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and risk factor analysis of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infection in children.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- Article
- Epidemiologic trends, diagnostic limitations, and public health challenges of enteric fever in sub-Saharan Africa: A narrative review.IJID regions · 2026Review
- Review
- Acute cholecystitis complicated with hepatic abscess caused by rare heterogeneous mucoid Salmonella Enteritidis: case report and literature review.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Spinal Cord Toxoplasmosis: Mapping the Journey of a Rare Entity Through a Case Report and Review of the Literature.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Genomic Characterization ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Asymptomatic Carriage and Antimicrobial Resistance ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Determinants of Entero-Invasive and Non-Entero-Invasive Diarrheagenic Bacteria Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Adults in Ghana.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Observational
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study systematically reviews the literature on the occurrence, incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease in Africa from 1966 to 2014. Data on the burden of iNTS disease in Africa are sparse and generally have not been aggregated, making it difficult to describe the epidemiology that is needed to inform the development and implementation of effective prevention and control policies. This study involved a comprehensive search of PubMed and Embase databases. It documents the geographical spread of iNTS disease over time in Africa, and describes its reported incidence, risk factors and CFR. We found that Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) have been reported as a cause of bacteraemia in 33 out of 54 African countries, spanning the five geographical regions of Africa, and especially in sub-Saharan Africa since 1966. Our review indicates that NTS have been responsible for up to 39% of community acquired blood stream infections in sub-Saharan Africa with an average CFR of 19%. Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis are the major serovars implicated and together have been responsible for 91%% of the cases of iNTS disease, (where serotype was determined), reported in Africa. The study confirms that iNTS disease is more prevalent amongst Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals, infants, and young children with malaria, anaemia and malnutrition. In conclusion, iNTS disease is a substantial cause of community-acquired bacteraemia in Africa. Given the high morbidity and mortality of iNTS disease in Africa, it is important to develop effective prevention and control strategies including vaccination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.