ReviewJournal of immunology research2016
Microglial Dysregulation in OCD, Tourette Syndrome, and PANDAS.
Review in Journal of immunology research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers and Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Profiles of Proinflammatory Cytokines and T Cells in Patients With Tourette Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Medicinal cannabis plant extract (NTI164) modifies epigenetic, ribosomal, and immune pathways in paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Evaluation of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Mechanisms of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Treatment-Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Cortico-Striatal Circuitry, Glutamatergic Dysregulation, and Neuroplastic Constraints.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- In vitro ibuprofen has gene regulatory and anti-inflammatory properties in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals with infection-provoked neurodevelopmental disorders.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Identification of secondary microglial formation centers in the human fetal brain.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Comparing the Metabolic Profile of Patients Affected by Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome PANS and Tourette Syndrome: Preliminary Data.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Distinct neural substrates of obsessions and compulsions in adolescent obsessive compulsive disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Dorsomedial striatal neuroinflammation causes excessive goal-directed action control by disrupting astrocyte function.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Investigating the pharmaceutical substances and action mechanisms of Changmaxifeng granules against tic disorders.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Harnessing the microbiota-gut-brain axis to prevent and treat pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders: translational insights and strategies.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Epigenetic, ribosomal, and immune dysregulation in paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Tic-related behaviors in Celsr3 mutant mice are contributed by alterations of striatal DMolecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Immune/Inflammatory Underpinnings of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The role of previous streptococcal infections in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a research study.CNS spectrums · 2025Article
- Altered eotaxin-1 and interleukin-34 levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-control observational study in Bangladesh.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- Electroconvulsive therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: clinical efficacy and predictive role of inflammatory markers.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Maternal autoimmune diseases and the risk of tics and Tourette's disorder in offspring: insights from Taiwan's real-world data.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Exploring the Therapeutic Mechanism of Jianpi Zhidong Decoction on Tourette Syndrome Based on Proteomics and Network Pharmacology.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that immune dysregulation contributes to the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette syndrome, and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS). The mechanistic details of this pathophysiology, however, remain unclear. Here we focus on one particular component of the immune system: microglia, the brain's resident immune cells. The role of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases has been understood in terms of classic, inflammatory activation, which may be both a consequence and a cause of neuronal damage. In OCD and Tourette syndrome, which are not characterized by frank neural degeneration, the potential role of microglial dysregulation is much less clear. Here we review the evidence for a neuroinflammatory etiology and microglial dysregulation in OCD, Tourette syndrome, and PANDAS. We also explore new hypotheses as to the potential contributions of microglial abnormalities to pathophysiology, beyond neuroinflammation, including failures in neuroprotection, lack of support for neuronal survival, and abnormalities in synaptic pruning. Recent advances in neuroimaging and animal model work are creating new opportunities to elucidate these issues.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.