ArticleOsong public health and research perspectives2016
Causal Effect of Self-esteem on Cigarette Smoking Stages in Adolescents: Coarsened Exact Matching in a Longitudinal Study.
Article in Osong public health and research perspectives, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bringing the group back in: Social class and resistance in adolescent smoking.Sociology of health & illness · 2025Article
- Article
- Substance use among students of two high schools in Yaoundé, Cameroon.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Social, educational, and psychological health correlates of e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use among adolescents in the US from 2015 to 2021.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- The Effectiveness of Self-Help Group (SHG) Intervention on Smoking Prevention of Adolescents in Aceh, Indonesia: A Controlled Field Trail.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- How gender- and violence-related norms affect self-esteem among adolescent refugee girls living in Ethiopia.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2018Article
- Cigarette and hookah smoking and their relationship with self-esteem and communication skills among high school students.Health promotion perspectives · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesIdentification of the causal impact of self-esteem on smoking stages faces seemingly insurmountable problems in observational data, where self-esteem is not manipulable by the researcher and cannot be assigned randomly. The aim of this study was to find out if weaker self-esteem in adolescence is a risk factor of cigarette smoking in a longitudinal study in Iran.
methodsIn this longitudinal study, 4,853 students (14-18 years) completed a self-administered multiple-choice anonym questionnaire. The students were evaluated twice, 12 months apart. Students were matched based on coarsened exact matching on pretreatment variables, including age, gender, smoking stages at the first wave of study, socioeconomic status, general risk-taking behavior, having a smoker in the family, having a smoker friend, attitude toward smoking, and self-injury, to ensure statistically equivalent comparison groups. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg 10-item questionnaire and were classified using a latent class analysis. After matching, the effect of self-esteem was evaluated using a multinomial logistic model.
resultsIn the causal fitted model, for adolescents with weaker self-esteem relative to those with stronger self-esteem, the relative risk for experimenters and regular smokers relative to nonsmokers would be expected to increase by a factor of 2.2 (1.9-2.6) and 2.0 (1.5-2.6), respectively.
conclusionUsing a causal approach, our study indicates that low self-esteem is consistently associated with progression in cigarette smoking stages.
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