ArticleBMC health services research2016
Does the new cooperative medical scheme reduce inequality in catastrophic health expenditure in rural China?
Article in BMC health services research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing intervention effects on healthcare-related financial protection in low- and middle-income countries: a rapid evidence review.Health policy and planning · 2026Review
- Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis and trend prediction of epilepsy disease burden in China, 1990-2021.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2026Article
- Explaining changes in socioeconomic inequality in catastrophic health expenditure in China: a mobility-determinant decomposition.Health economics review · 2026Article
- What influences the impact of health financing reforms? Using qualitative comparative analysis to identify patterns in health financing systems and their effects on financial protection.SSM - health systems · 2025Review
- The impact of medical insurance and old-age security on the utilization of medical services by the older population with disabilities.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Patterns of Outpatient Service Satisfaction among Low-Income Adults in Rural China: A Latent Class Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Socio-economic inequalities in health service utilization among Chinese rural migrant workers with New Cooperative Medical Scheme: a multilevel regression approach.BMC public health · 2022Article
- The comparison of catastrophic health expenditure and its inequality between urban and rural households in China.Health economics review · 2022Article
- Does Elderly Chronic Disease Hinder the Sustainability of Borderline Poor Families' Wellbeing: An Investigation From Catastrophic Health Expenditure in China.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Trends and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure in China 2010-2018: a national panel data analysis.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Benefit of China's Social Health Insurance Schemes: Trend Analysis and Associated Factors Since Health Reform.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Urban-rural differences in catastrophic health expenditure among households with chronic non-communicable disease patients: evidence from China family panel studies.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Does the universal medical insurance system reduce catastrophic health expenditure among middle-aged and elderly households in China? A longitudinal analysis.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2021Article
- Does the medical insurance system play a real role in reducing catastrophic economic burden in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease in China? Implication for accurately targeting vulnerable characteristics.Globalization and health · 2021Article
- Measurement and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure among elderly households in China using longitudinal data from the CHARLS.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
- Impact of reimbursement rates on the length of stay in tertiary public hospitals: a retrospective cohort study in Shenzhen, China.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Unmet Healthcare Needs, Catastrophic Health Expenditure, and Health in South Korea's Universal Healthcare System: Progression Towards Improving Equity by NHI Type and Income Level.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Measuring and decomposing the effort regarding the equity of inpatient benefits based on the adjustment of the new cooperative medical scheme in western rural China.International health · 2020Article
- Catastrophic health expenditure incidence and its equity in China: a study on the initial implementation of the medical insurance integration system.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Effect of Critical Illness Insurance on Household Catastrophic Health Expenditure: The Latest Evidence from the National Health Service Survey in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 2003, the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) was introduced in China to re-establish health insurance for the country's vast rural population. In addition, the coverage of NCMS has been expanding after the new health care reform launched in 2009. This study aims to examine whether the NCMS and its recent expansion have reached the goal of reducing the risk and inequality of catastrophic health spending for rural residents in China.
methodsWe conducted a face-to-face household survey in three counties of the Shandong province in 2009 and 2012. Using this unique panel data, we examined the changes in the incidence and intensity of catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) before and after NCMS reimbursement. We used concentration index (CI) and decomposition method to study the changes in inequality in CHEs.
resultsWe found that NCMS reimbursement played a role of reducing both the incidence and intensity of CHEs, and that this impact was stronger after the new health care reform was launched. After reimbursement, the concentration indices for CHEs were 0.073 and 0.021 in 2009 and 2012, indicating that the rich had a greater tendency to incur CHEs and there existed less inequality in the incidence of CHEs after reimbursement in 2012 compared with 2009. The decomposition analysis results suggested that changes in CHE inequality between 2009 and 2012 were attributed to changes in economic status and household size rather than reimbursement levels.
conclusionsOur results indicated that inequality was shrinking from 2009 to 2012, which could be a result of fewer rich people having CHEs in 2012 compared with 2009. The impact of NCMS in alleviating the financial burden of rural residents was still limited, especially among the poor. Health care reform policies in China that aim to reduce CHEs must continue to place an emphasis on improving reimbursement, cost containment, and reducing income inequalities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.