ArticleAnnals of hepatology
Intrahepatic, perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma: Management and outcomes.
Article in Annals of hepatology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed.
- FIGHT-302: first-line pemigatinib vs gemcitabine plus cisplatin for advanced cholangiocarcinoma withFuture oncology (London, England) · 2020Trial
- How to efficiently establish animal models of cholangiocarcinoma: challenges and inspiration.Medical review (2021) · 2026Review
- Standardized reporting of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Review
- Utility of optimal proportion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic prediction of clinical outcome in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a single institution retrospective analysis.Diagnostic pathology · 2025Article
- Article
- Blurring the Anatomical Lines in Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: An Integrated Clinic-Oncological and Exploratory Proteomic Comparison of Perihilar and Distal Tumors.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Current knowledge about immunotherapy response after liver transplantation of patients with liver cancer.Journal of liver transplantation · 2025Article
- Association of α-SMA/FAP-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts with clinicopathological features and prognosis in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Diagnostic pathology · 2025Article
- Comparison of prognostic factors and their differences in intrahepatic, hilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Circulating tumor DNA in management of primary liver malignancy: A review of the literature and future directions.Journal of surgical oncology · 2025Review
- Mapping the landscape of biliary tract cancer in Europe: challenges and controversies.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Review
- Review
- FGFR2-Rearrangement in Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Prognostic Analysis.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Improvement of survival outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma by ultrasonography surveillance: Multicenter retrospective cohorts.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Outcome of patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and previous biliary instrumentation: an observational study.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Observational
- Molecular profiling and prognostic analysis in Chinese cholangiocarcinoma: an observational, retrospective single-center study.Investigational new drugs · 2024Observational
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A National Survey from the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association.Gut and liver · 2024Article
- Molecular profiling and treatment pattern differences between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Optimizing Circulating Tumour DNA Use in the Perioperative Setting for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Diagnosis, Screening, Minimal Residual Disease Detection and Treatment Response Monitoring.Annals of surgical oncology · 2023Review
- Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is prognostic for early recurrence after curative intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma resection.Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction and aims. Cholangiocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors that can be classified into three clinically distinct types of cancers, intrahepatic, perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma. The inconsistent use of nomenclature for these cancers has obscured a true knowledge of the epidemiology, natural history and response to therapy of these cancers. Our aims were to define demographic characteristics, management and outcomes of these three distinct cancer types. MATERIALS AND
methodsA retrospective study of patients enrolled in an institutional cancer registry from 1992 to 2010. Median survival was compared between different treatment modalities over three time periods for the three types of cholangiocarcinoma at different stages of the disease using Kaplan Meyer analysis.
results242 patients were identified. All cases were reviewed and classified into intrahepatic (90 patients), distal (48 patients) or perihilar (104 patients) cholangiocarcinomas. These cancers differed in median age of onset, gender distribution, median survival and stage. 13.8% of patients presented with stage I, 5.8% with stage II, 9.6% with stage III, 28% with stage IV, with 41.8% having unknown stage. The overall median survival was 15.8 months, and was 23, 25, 14, and 4.5 months for stages I, II, III, and IV respectively. Surgery improved survival in both early and advanced stages. Multimodality therapies further improved outcomes, particularly for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.
conclusionPerihilar, distal and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma vary in their presentation, natural history and therapeutic approach to management. A consistently applied classification is essential for meaningful interpretation of studies of these cancers.
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