Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28050629›Full record

ReviewPsychopharmacology2017

Antireward, compulsivity, and addiction: seminal contributions of Dr. Athina Markou to motivational dysregulation in addiction.

George F Koob

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Psychopharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. A history of addiction through the six editions of Kandel'sFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. NPsychopharmacology · 2022
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Defining Compulsive Behavior.Neuropsychology review · 2019
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

George F KoobNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 2001, Suite 2000, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA. george.koob@nih.gov.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism · US

Funding

Neurobiology of AddictionZICDA000602 · NIDA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE · PI KOOB, GEORGE · 2015 to 2018
$5.4M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

RATIONALE AND

objectivesAddiction is defined as a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking that is hypothesized to derive from multiple sources of motivational dysregulation. METHODS AND

resultsDr. Athina Markou made seminal contributions to our understanding of the neurobiology of addiction with her studies on the dysregulation of reward function using animal models with construct validity. Repeated overstimulation of the reward systems with drugs of abuse decreases reward function, characterized by brain stimulation reward and presumbably reflecting dysphoria-like states. The construct of negative reinforcement, defined as drug taking that alleviates a negative emotional state that is created by drug abstinence, is particularly relevant as a driving force in both the withdrawal/negative affect and preoccupation/anticipation stages of the addiction cycle.

conclusionsThe negative emotional state that drives such negative reinforcement is hypothesized to derive from the dysregulation of key neurochemical circuits that drive incentive-salience/reward systems (dopamine, opioid peptides) in the ventral striatum and from the recruitment of brain stress systems (corticotropin-releasing factor, dynorphin) within the extended amygdala. As drug taking becomes compulsive-like, the factors that motivate behavior are hypothesized to shift to drug-seeking behavior that is driven not only by positive reinforcement but also by negative reinforcement. This shift in motivation is hypothesized to reflect the allostatic misregulation of hedonic tone such that drug taking makes the hedonic negative emotional state worse during the process of seeking temporary relief with compulsive drug taking.

Indexed as

RewardAmygdalaAnimalsBehavior, AddictiveBrainCompulsive BehaviorCorticotropin-Releasing HormoneDopamineDrug-Seeking BehaviorDynorphinsEmotionsHumansMotivationOpioid PeptidesReinforcement, PsychologySubstance-Related DisordersCorticotropin-Releasing HormoneDopamineDynorphinsOpioid PeptidesAddictionBrain stimulation rewardCorticotropin-releasing factorDependenceDrug AbuseDynorphinIntracranial self-stimulationNegative reinforcement

Identifiers

PMID28050629
OpenAlexW2564524773

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.