ReviewTurkish journal of ophthalmology2016
Use of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Ophthalmology.
Review in Turkish journal of ophthalmology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Observations on the Efficacy of Two Methods for the Treatment of Upper Eyelid Retraction in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.BioMed research international · 2021Trial
- Management of Complications Following Botulinum Toxin Facial Injections: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Modulation of the Nox2-Hv1-ROS Axis by Botulinum Neurotoxin A Confers Protection Against CoClInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Botulinum Therapy Based on the Anthropometric Characteristics of the Face Using Non-Invasive Thermal Imaging Data.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Ophthalmological Complications of Aesthetic Medicine Procedures: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Oculoplastic Interventions in the Management of Ocular Surface Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Protein and polypeptide mediated delivery to the eye.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- Review
- Vitreous hemorrhage and Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment that developed after botulinum toxin injection to the extraocular muscle: case report.BMC ophthalmology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the first biological toxin used in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases and to decrease skin wrinkles as an aesthetic agent. When used appropriately, it weakens the force of muscular contraction and/or inhibits glandular secretion. The most common areas for botulinum toxin treatment are the upper face, including the glabella, forehead, brows, and lateral canthal lines, or crow's feet. By relaxing the muscles causing wrinkles, non-permanent results may be achieved with its use. BoNT has gained widespread use in a variety of ophthalmic diseases. The effect of BoNT is temporary, but the therapeutic benefit is usually maintained even after repeated injections. Treatment is usually well tolerated. Complications and side effects associated with the treatment are rare and temporary. Complications occur due to weakness (chemodenervation) of adjacent muscle groups, immunological mechanisms and injection technique. Current therapeutic indications, doses, complications and contraindications of BoNT use in the following disorders related to ophthalmology were investigated: aesthetic use, strabismus, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, eyelid retraction, entropion, lacrimal hypersecretion syndrome, and facial paralysis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.