ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2017
Imaging individual neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer of the living eye.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers.
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Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characterization of Leukocyte Crawling in the Living Human Retina Using Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscopy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Reflective broadband adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope with 20 D focus range.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Refractive adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope with fast 2D MEMS scanner.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
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- Wide-field choriocapillaris mapping with 3.4 MHz adaptive optics-optical coherence tomography angiography.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- Large-scale survey, animal models, and computational modeling identify histological neurodegenerative biomarkers for traumatic optic neuropathy.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Anatomy of the Macular Ganglion Cell Layer Plexus on Projection-Resolved Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Deep compressed multichannel adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope.Science advances · 2025Article
- Photoreceptor Function and Structure in Retinal Areas With Intraretinal Hyperreflective Foci in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Hyperautofluorescent material inside areas of macular atrophy may reveal non-lipofuscin fluorophores in late stage AMD.Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Article
- Quantification of optical lensing by cellular structures in the living human eye.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- Review
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- Spatially Localized Visual Perception Estimation by Means of Prosthetic Vision Simulation.Journal of imaging · 2024Article
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- In Vivo Visualization of Intravascular Patrolling Immune Cells in the Primate Eye.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Characterizing Presumed Displaced Retinal Ganglion Cells in the Living Human Retina of Healthy and Glaucomatous Eyes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
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- The Surviving, Not Thriving, Photoreceptors in Patients withDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Two-photon autofluorescence lifetime assay of rabbit photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium during light-dark visual cycles in rabbit retina.Biomedical optics express · 2024Article
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although imaging of the living retina with adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) provides microscopic access to individual cells, such as photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and blood cells in the retinal vasculature, other important cell classes, such as retinal ganglion cells, have proven much more challenging to image. The near transparency of inner retinal cells is advantageous for vision, as light must pass through them to reach the photoreceptors, but it has prevented them from being directly imaged in vivo. Here we show that the individual somas of neurons within the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer can be imaged with a modification of confocal AOSLO, in both monkeys and humans. Human images of RGC layer neurons did not match the quality of monkey images for several reasons, including safety concerns that limited the light levels permissible for human imaging. We also show that the same technique applied to the photoreceptor layer can resolve ambiguity about cone survival in age-related macular degeneration. The capability to noninvasively image RGC layer neurons in the living eye may one day allow for a better understanding of diseases, such as glaucoma, and accelerate the development of therapeutic strategies that aim to protect these cells. This method may also prove useful for imaging other structures, such as neurons in the brain.
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