Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28049515›Full record

ArticleAddiction science & clinical practice2017

Validation of the AUDIT-C in adults seeking help with their drinking online.

Zarnie Khadjesari, Ian R White, Jim McCambridge, Louise Marston, Paul Wallace, Christine Godfrey, Elizabeth Murray

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Addiction science & clinical practice, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Zarnie KhadjesariDepartment of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Royal Free Campus, Upper Third Floor, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2958-9555
Ian R WhiteMRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
Jim McCambridgeDepartment of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
Louise MarstonDepartment of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Royal Free Campus, Upper Third Floor, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK. l.marston@ucl.ac.uk.
Paul WallaceDepartment of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Royal Free Campus, Upper Third Floor, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
Christine GodfreyDepartment of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
Elizabeth MurrayDepartment of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Royal Free Campus, Upper Third Floor, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe abbreviated Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test for Consumption (AUDIT-C) is rapidly becoming the alcohol screening tool of choice for busy practitioners in clinical settings and by researchers keen to limit assessment burden and reactivity. Cut-off scores for detecting drinking above recommended limits vary by population, setting, country and potentially format. This validation study aimed to determine AUDIT-C thresholds that indicated risky drinking among a population of people seeking help over the Internet.

methodThe data in this study were collected in the pilot phase of the Down Your Drink trial, which recruited people seeking help over the Internet and randomised them to a web-based intervention or an information-only website. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for AUDIT-C scores, relative to weekly consumption that indicated drinking above limits and higher risk drinking. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created to assess the performance of different cut-off scores on the AUDIT-C for men and women. Past week alcohol consumption was used as the reference-standard and was collected via the TOT-AL, a validated online measure of past week drinking.

resultsAUDIT-C scores were obtained from 3720 adults (2053 female and 1667 male) searching the internet for help with drinking, mostly from the UK. The area under the ROC curve for risky drinking was 0.84 (95% CI 0.80, 0.87) (female) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.76, 0.84) (male). AUDIT-C cut-off scores for detecting risky drinking that maximise the sum of sensitivity and specificity were ≥8 for women and ≥8 for men; whereas those identifying the highest proportion of correctly classified individuals were ≥4 for women and ≥5 for men. AUDIT-C cut-off scores for detecting higher risk drinking were also calculated.

conclusionsAUDIT-C cut-off scores for identifying alcohol consumption above weekly limits in this largely UK based study population were substantially higher than those reported in other validation studies. Researchers and practitioners should select AUDIT-C cut-off scores according to the purpose of identifying risky drinkers and hence the relative importance of sensitivity and/or specificity.

Indexed as

Help-Seeking BehaviorInternetSelf DisclosureAdultAlcoholismFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited KingdomAlcoholAUDIT-COnlinePast week drinkingValidation

Identifiers

PMID28049515
PMCPMC5209877

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.