ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2017
Estimating 24-h urinary sodium/potassium ratio from casual ('spot') urinary sodium/potassium ratio: the INTERSALT Study.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of a Self-monitoring Device for Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio on Dietary Improvement in Free-Living Adults: a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of epidemiology · 2018Trial
- Validation and Assessment of Three Methods to Estimate 24-h Urinary Sodium Excretion from Spot Urine Samples in High-Risk Elder Patients of Stroke from the Rural Areas of Shaanxi Province.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Are changes in the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio associated with changes in blood pressure in a healthy population with low urinary sodium-to-potassium ratios? Eight-year follow-up results from the KOBE Study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Agreement Of A 24-hour food record and relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire compared with urinary biomarkers of sodium, potassium, and protein intake.Nutrition journal · 2026Observational
- Association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with outcomes of neuroendocrine cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Understanding Renal Tubular Function: Key Mechanisms, Clinical Relevance, and Comprehensive Urine Assessment.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Review
- Does casual urine Na/K ratio predict 24 h urine Na/K ratio in treated hypertensive patients? Comparison between casual urine voided in the morning vs. 24 h urine collected on the previous day.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- Practical use and target value of urine sodium-to-potassium ratio in assessment of hypertension risk for Japanese: Consensus Statement by the Japanese Society of Hypertension Working Group on Urine Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Association between urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, elevated blood pressure phenotypes and microalbuminuria: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effects of salt intake reduction by urinary sodium to potassium ratio self-monitoring method.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Association between sodium-to-potassium ratio in spot urine and hospitalization due to heart failure in high-risk Japanese patients.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2024Article
- Association between spot urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18-69 years: the SMASH study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Impact of growth, gonadal hormones, adiposity and the sodium-to-potassium ratio on longitudinal adolescent measures of blood pressure at puberty.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Investigation of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio target level based on the recommended dietary intake goals for the Japanese population: The INTERMAP Japan.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2022Observational
- Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio as an Indicator of Diet Quality in Healthy Pregnant Women.Nutrients · 2022Article
- A Method for Estimating 24 h Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion by Spot Urine Specimen in Stroke Patients.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Sex-specific associations between potassium intake, blood pressure, and cardiovascular outcomes: the EPIC-Norfolk study.European heart journal · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Association between casual and 24-h urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio is well recognized, although it has not been validated in diverse demographic groups. Our aim was to assess utility across and within populations of casual urine to estimate 24-h urinary Na/K ratio using data from the INTERSALT Study. Methods: The INTERSALT Study collected cross-sectional standardized data on casual urinary sodium and potassium and also on timed 24-h urinary sodium and potassium for 10 065 individuals from 52 population samples in 32 countries (1985-87). Pearson correlation coefficients and agreement were computed for Na/K ratio of casual urine against 24-h urinary Na/K ratio both at population and individual levels. Results: Pearson correlation coefficients relating means of 24-h urine and casual urine Na/K ratio were r = 0.96 and r = 0.69 in analyses across populations and individuals, respectively. Correlations of casual urine Na/creatinine and K/creatinine ratios with 24-h urinary Na and K excretion, respectively, were lower than correlation of casual and 24-h urinary Na/K ratio in analyses across populations and individuals. The bias estimate with the Bland-Altman method, defined as the difference between Na/K ratio of 24-h urine and casual urine, was approximately 0.4 across both populations and individuals. Spread around, the mean bias was higher for individuals than populations. Conclusion: With appropriate bias correction, casual urine Na/K ratio may be a useful, low-burden alternative method to 24-h urine for estimation of population urinary Na/K ratio. It may also be applicable for assessment of the urinary Na/K ratio of individuals, with use of repeated measurements to reduce measurement error and increase precision.
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