Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28039314›Full record

ArticleNeurology2017

Olfaction and risk of dementia in a biracial cohort of older adults.

Kristine Yaffe, Daniel Freimer, Honglei Chen, Keiko Asao, Andrea Rosso, Susan Rubin, Greg Tranah, Steve Cummings, Eleanor Simonsick

Open access · bronzeAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
80citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

80 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Review
  5. Olfaction and muscle strength in older adults: a longitudinal study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026
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  10. Olfaction and Coronary Heart Disease.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2026
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20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Kristine YaffeFrom the Departments of Psychiatry (K.Y.), Neurology (K.Y.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y., S.R.), University of California; San Francisco VA Medical Center (K.Y.); NCIRE-The Veterans Health Research Institute (K.Y., D.F.), San Francisco, CA; Epidemiology Branch (H.C.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Epidemiology (A.R.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute (G.T., S.C.), San Francisco; and Translational Gerontology Branch (E.S.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
Daniel FreimerFrom the Departments of Psychiatry (K.Y.), Neurology (K.Y.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y., S.R.), University of California; San Francisco VA Medical Center (K.Y.); NCIRE-The Veterans Health Research Institute (K.Y., D.F.), San Francisco, CA; Epidemiology Branch (H.C.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Epidemiology (A.R.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute (G.T., S.C.), San Francisco; and Translational Gerontology Branch (E.S.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD. kristine.yaffe@ucsf.edu.
Honglei ChenFrom the Departments of Psychiatry (K.Y.), Neurology (K.Y.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y., S.R.), University of California; San Francisco VA Medical Center (K.Y.); NCIRE-The Veterans Health Research Institute (K.Y., D.F.), San Francisco, CA; Epidemiology Branch (H.C.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Epidemiology (A.R.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute (G.T., S.C.), San Francisco; and Translational Gerontology Branch (E.S.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
Keiko AsaoFrom the Departments of Psychiatry (K.Y.), Neurology (K.Y.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y., S.R.), University of California; San Francisco VA Medical Center (K.Y.); NCIRE-The Veterans Health Research Institute (K.Y., D.F.), San Francisco, CA; Epidemiology Branch (H.C.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Epidemiology (A.R.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute (G.T., S.C.), San Francisco; and Translational Gerontology Branch (E.S.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
Andrea RossoFrom the Departments of Psychiatry (K.Y.), Neurology (K.Y.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y., S.R.), University of California; San Francisco VA Medical Center (K.Y.); NCIRE-The Veterans Health Research Institute (K.Y., D.F.), San Francisco, CA; Epidemiology Branch (H.C.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Epidemiology (A.R.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute (G.T., S.C.), San Francisco; and Translational Gerontology Branch (E.S.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
Susan RubinFrom the Departments of Psychiatry (K.Y.), Neurology (K.Y.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y., S.R.), University of California; San Francisco VA Medical Center (K.Y.); NCIRE-The Veterans Health Research Institute (K.Y., D.F.), San Francisco, CA; Epidemiology Branch (H.C.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Epidemiology (A.R.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute (G.T., S.C.), San Francisco; and Translational Gerontology Branch (E.S.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
Greg TranahFrom the Departments of Psychiatry (K.Y.), Neurology (K.Y.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y., S.R.), University of California; San Francisco VA Medical Center (K.Y.); NCIRE-The Veterans Health Research Institute (K.Y., D.F.), San Francisco, CA; Epidemiology Branch (H.C.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Epidemiology (A.R.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute (G.T., S.C.), San Francisco; and Translational Gerontology Branch (E.S.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
Steve CummingsFrom the Departments of Psychiatry (K.Y.), Neurology (K.Y.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y., S.R.), University of California; San Francisco VA Medical Center (K.Y.); NCIRE-The Veterans Health Research Institute (K.Y., D.F.), San Francisco, CA; Epidemiology Branch (H.C.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Epidemiology (A.R.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute (G.T., S.C.), San Francisco; and Translational Gerontology Branch (E.S.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
Eleanor SimonsickFrom the Departments of Psychiatry (K.Y.), Neurology (K.Y.), and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y., S.R.), University of California; San Francisco VA Medical Center (K.Y.); NCIRE-The Veterans Health Research Institute (K.Y., D.F.), San Francisco, CA; Epidemiology Branch (H.C.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Epidemiology (A.R.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute (G.T., S.C.), San Francisco; and Translational Gerontology Branch (E.S.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
San Francisco VA Medical Center · USUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center · USCalifornia Pacific Medical Center · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · US

Funding

Peripheral Nerve Function Decline in an Aged CohortR01AG028050 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI STROTMEYER, ELSA S. · 2007 to 2015
$3.5M
Prospective studies on Parkinson's diseaseZ01ES101986 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI CHEN, HONGLEI · 2006 to 2008
$1.2M
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 ES101986NIA NIH HHS R01 AG028050
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePrior studies indicate that olfactory function may be an early marker for cognitive impairment, but the body of evidence has been largely restricted to white populations.

methodsWe studied 2,428 community-dwelling black and white older adults (baseline age 70-79 years) without dementia enrolled in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. Olfaction was measured as odor identification (OI) with the 12-item Cross Cultural Smell Identification Test in year 3. We defined incident dementia over 12 years on the basis of hospitalization records, prescription for dementia medication, or 1.5-SD decline in race-stratified global cognition score. We assessed dementia risk associated with OI score (by tertile) using Cox proportional hazards models. All analyses were stratified by race.

resultsPoorer OI in older adults without dementia was associated with increased risk of dementia. After adjustment for demographics, medical comorbidities, and lifestyle characteristics, white participants in the poor or moderate OI tertile had greater risk of dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.45-4.54; and HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.33-2.54, respectively) compared to those in the good tertile of function. Among blacks, worse OI was associated with an increased risk of dementia, but the magnitude of the effect was weaker (p for interaction = 0.04) for the poor OI tertile (adjusted HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.44-2.84) and for the moderate tertile (adjusted HR 1.42, 95% CI 0.97-2.10). There was no interaction between OI and APOE ε4 and risk of dementia.

conclusionsWhile the magnitude of the association was stronger in whites, we found that poor OI was associated with increased risk of dementia among both black and white older adults.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanSmellWhite PeopleAgedComorbidityDementiaFemaleHumansIncidenceKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleOlfaction DisordersPennsylvaniaProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk

Identifiers

PMID28039314
PMCPMC5278947
OpenAlexW2564825033

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.