ArticleToxins2016
Exon Shuffling and Origin of Scorpion Venom Biodiversity.
Article in Toxins, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Properties and Pharmacology of Scorpion Toxins and Their Biotechnological Potential in Agriculture and Medicine.Toxins · 2025Review
- Article
- A toxin-based approach to neuropeptide and peptide hormone discovery.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Improved RAD51 binders through motif shuffling based on the modularity of BRC repeats.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Armed stem to stinger: a review of the ecological roles of scorpion weapons.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2021Review
- Identification, Purification and Molecular Characterization of Chondrosin, a New Protein with Anti-tumoral Activity from the Marine SpongeMarine drugs · 2020Article
- Article
- Big Genes, Small Effectors: Pea Aphid Cassette Effector Families Composed From Miniature Exons.Frontiers in plant science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Scorpion venom is a complex combinatorial library of peptides and proteins with multiple biological functions. A combination of transcriptomic and proteomic techniques has revealed its enormous molecular diversity, as identified by the presence of a large number of ion channel-targeted neurotoxins with different folds, membrane-active antimicrobial peptides, proteases, and protease inhibitors. Although the biodiversity of scorpion venom has long been known, how it arises remains unsolved. In this work, we analyzed the exon-intron structures of an array of scorpion venom protein-encoding genes and unexpectedly found that nearly all of these genes possess a phase-1 intron (one intron located between the first and second nucleotides of a codon) near the cleavage site of a signal sequence despite their mature peptides remarkably differ. This observation matches a theory of exon shuffling in the origin of new genes and suggests that recruitment of different folds into scorpion venom might be achieved via shuffling between body protein-coding genes and ancestral venom gland-specific genes that presumably contributed tissue-specific regulatory elements and secretory signal sequences.
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Registered trials
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